User:Est. 2021/Draft/Śuri/Epithets/Table
| Group | No. | Epithet | Paired with | Meaning | Attributes | Equivalents | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Etruscan | Latin | |||||||
| Old Italic (RtL) | Transliteration | |||||||
| A | 1 | 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑 | Śuri [a] | Soranus | Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha[1][11][2] | Etruscan: 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized: Śuri, from Etruscan: 𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized: Śur, lit. 'black'[12][2][4][13][14] cognate and equivalent to Old Norse: Surtr, lit. 'black'[15] | Sun and light, lightning, fire, volcanoes, underworld, health and plague, divination, wolves, goats
|
Surtr, Sūrya, Ra+Ptah, Hades+Apollo |
| B | 2 | 𐌈𐌀𐌛 | Rath [b] | Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha[17] | Etruscan: 𐌈𐌀𐌛, romanized: Rath, cognate to Hindi: रथ, romanized: rath, lit. 'chariot', learned borrowing from Sanskrit: रथ, romanized: rátha and Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀, romanized: raθa, lit. 'chariot, car', from Proto-Indo-Iranian *hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *hreth₂- (“to roll”)
— linked to Hindi: dharma-rath, lit. 'Godly chariot',[18] possible reference to the sun chariot or solar barque, traditionally associated with Sūrya (Sanskrit: सूर्य, romanized: Sūrya) |
Sun and light,[19] lightning, fire,[20] volcanoes, underworld,[21][22] health and plague, divination[23][24]
|
Sūrya, Ra, Apollo[27][28][17] | |
| 3 | 𐌋𐌉𐌔𐌖 | Usil [c] | Etruscan: 𐌋𐌉𐌔𐌖, romanized: Usil, lit. 'light',[19] from the Proto-Indo-European root *seh₂ul₂ (Sun), cognate to Latin: Sol, Old Norse: Sól and Baltic languages: Saulė, who also rode a sun chariot or solar barque | |||||
| 4 | 𐌖𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌀
𐌖𐌋𐌐𐌀 |
Apulu [d]
|
cognate to Aeolic Greek: Ἄπλουν, romanized: Áploun and Hittite: Āppaliunāš, who also rode a sun chariot or solar barque | |||||
| C | 5 | 𐌖𐌋𐌀𐌂 | Calu [e] | Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha | Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌀𐌂, romanized: Calu, lit. 'dark, darkness'[32][33]
also used as a synonym for underworld[14] |
kingship, fire, volcanoes, underworld, wolves,[30][34][9] goats | Dīs Pater, Pluto, Hades[35][1][2][3][4] | |
| 6 | 𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌀
𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌄 |
Aita [f]
|
Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha, aka Etruscan: 𐌉𐌄𐌍𐌐𐌉𐌔𐌛𐌄𐌐, romanized: Persipnei or Etruscan: 𐌉𐌀𐌍𐌐𐌉𐌔𐌛𐌄𐌘, romanized: Phersipnai[1][2] | cognate to Epic Greek: Ἄϊδης, romanized: Áïdēs
also used as a synonym for underworld[37] | ||||
| D | 7 | 𐌔𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌅
𐌔𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌄𐌅 |
Vetis [g]
|
Vēdius, Vēdiovis, Vēiovis, Vēive | thought to mean anti-Jove[38] | kingship, lightning,[21] fire, volcanoes,[21] underworld, health and plague, goats
|
anti-Jove/Jupiter, Apollo,[22][40] Asclepius[41] | |
| 8 | 𐌈𐌍𐌀𐌌 | Manth [h] | Mantus[42] | Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha, aka Etruscan: 𐌀𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌌, romanized: Mania[1][2] | Etruscan: 𐌈𐌍𐌀𐌌, romanized: Manth, cognate to Latin: Manes[43] | anti-Jove, Hades,[36] Satan[i] | ||
| 9 | Summānus [j] | cognate to Latin: Manes; from Latin: Summus Manium, lit. 'the greatest of the Manes'[44][36] | ||||||
| 10 | 𐌀𐌈𐌋𐌄𐌅
𐌀𐌍𐌌𐌖𐌕𐌋𐌏𐌅 |
Veltha
|
Vortumnus, Vertumnus, Vertimnus | Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌋𐌄𐌅, romanized: Veltha, lit. 'earth'[45] | kingship, war, underworld, nature | Ullr, anti-Jove | ||
| E | 11 | 𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌋𐌈𐌄𐌔 | Sethlans | fire, volcanoes, forge and craftsmanship | Ptah, Hephaestus, Vulcan | |||
Also linked to: Fufluns[46] (brother) & Feronia[47][8] (brother's wife)
Notes: Old Italic edit
- 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, 𐌈𐌀𐌂, 𐌀𐌈𐌖𐌀𐌂, 𐌀𐌈𐌅𐌀𐌊
- 𐌋𐌉𐌔𐌖
- 𐌀𐌈𐌋𐌄𐌅
- National Etruscan Museum, 𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌀, 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑
- Hedlund, Stieg (2019-07-15), "Coda Etrusca. A forgotten culture's lasting influence", Deru Kugi, The continuity of magic from East to West, Part 3A – via medium.com,
𐌖𐌋𐌐𐌀
Notes and references edit
Notes edit
- ^ Identified with: Aita (Dīs),[1][2][3][4] Apulu (Apollo),[2][4][5][6][7][3][8] Calu,[7][9][4] Manth,[10][2][4] Rath,[2][4] Vetis.[4]
- ^ Identified with: Śuri,[2][4] Apulu.[16]
- ^ Identified with: Apulu.[29]
- ^ Identified with: Śuri,[5][6][7][2][3][4][8] Rath,[16] Usil,[29] Vetis.[22]
- ^ Identified with: Śuri,[7][9][4] Aita.[30][31]
- ^ Identified with: Śuri (Dīs),[1][2][3][4] Calu,[30][31] Summanus.[36]
- ^ Identified with: Śuri,[4] Apulu.[22][4]
- ^ Identified with: Śuri.[10][2][4]
- ^ In Milton's Latin poem "In Quintum Novembris" (lines 23–24): Talibus infestat populos Summanus et urbes / cinctus caeruleae fumanti turbine flammae.
- ^ Identified with: Aita.[36]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f De Grummond 2004, p. 359.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n National Etruscan Museum.
- ^ a b c d e Obnorsky 1900.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Maras 2010.
- ^ a b Virgil, 11.786.
- ^ a b Pliny the Elder, 7.2.
- ^ a b c d Bouke van der Meer 2013, pp. 323–341.
- ^ a b c Myth Index.
- ^ a b c Rissanen 2013.
- ^ a b Colonna 2006, p. 141.
- ^ De Grummond 2008, pp. 422, 425.
- ^ Colonna 2009.
- ^ Di Silvio 2014.
- ^ a b c Romano Impero 2021.
- ^ Orchard 1997.
- ^ a b Bonfante & Bonfante 2002, p. 204.
- ^ a b Jannot 2005, p. 146.
- ^ Chhawchharia 2015.
- ^ a b Babelon 1963.
- ^ Noted by J. D. Beazley, "The World of the Etruscan Mirror" The Journal of Hellenic Studies 69 (1949:1–17) p. 3, fig. 1.
- ^ a b c Classical Association 1918, p. 107.
- ^ a b c d Kenney & Clausen 1983.
- ^ Cristofani 1985, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Cristofani 2000, pp. 161–162.
- ^ L'institut. Section 1: Sciences mathématiques, physiques et naturelles (in French). Imprimerie nationale. 1845-01-01. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ^ Desvergers, Noël; Vergers, M. J. L'Étrurie et les Étrusques (in French). Рипол Классик. ISBN 9785879679069. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ^ Krauskopf 2006, pp. vii, pp. 73–75.
- ^ Bonfante & Bonfante 2002, p. 194.
- ^ a b Nonoss 2015.
- ^ a b c Elliott 1995, pp. 17–33.
- ^ a b Krauskopf 1988, pp. 394–399.
- ^ Zavaroni 1996.
- ^ Mc Callister & Mc Callister 1999.
- ^ De Grummond & Simon 2006, p. 57.
- ^ Servius 380b, 11.785.
- ^ a b c d Capella, 2.164.
- ^ Cartwright 2012.
- ^ Latin Lexicon.
- ^ De Grummond 2016.
- ^ Nova Roma.
- ^ Scarborough 1969.
- ^ Servius 380a, 10.199.
- ^ Pallottino 1992.
- ^ Chisholm 1911.
- ^ See wiktionary:af:𐌀𐌈𐌋𐌄𐌅.
- ^ De Grummond & Simon 2006.
- ^ Strabo, 5.
Bibliography edit
- Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2016). "The Etruscan Texts of the Pyrgi Golden Tablets: Certainties and Uncertainties". In Bellelli, Vincenzo; Xella, Paolo (eds.). Le lamine di Pyrgi: Nuovi studi sulle iscrizione in etrusco e in fenicio nel cinquantenario della scoperta. Vol. I–X. Verona. p. 155 – via Academia.edu.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002) [1983]. The Etruscan Language: An Introduction (2 ed.). Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719055409.
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- Pallottino, Massimo (1992a). "Pre-Roman Italy". In Bonnefoy (1992), p. 30. Harvc error: no target: CITEREFBonnefoy1992 (help)
- Pallottino, Massimo (1992b). "Etruscan Religion". In Bonnefoy (1992), p. 36. Harvc error: no target: CITEREFBonnefoy1992 (help)
- Bouke van der Meer, Lammert (2013). "Lead Plaque of Magliano". Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino. Quaderni di Acme (134). Milan. pp. 323–341 (335) – via Academia.edu.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Briquel, Dominique (1997). Chrétiens et haruspices: La religion étrusque, dernier rempart du paganisme romain (in French). ISBN 9782728802326.
- Capella, Martianus (1836) [Carthage, c. 420]. De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii (in Latin). Vol. II. Frankfurt am Main: Varrentrapp. 164.
- Classical Association (1918). Postgate, John Percival; Arnold, Edward Vernon; Hall, Frederick William (eds.). Classical Quarterly. Translated by Postgate, John Percival. Clarendon Press. p. 107.
- Colonna, Giovanni (2001). "Divinazione e culto di Rath/Apollo a Caere (a proposito del santuario in loc. S. Antonio)". Archeologia Classica (in Italian). LII (2). L'Erma di Bretschneider: 151–173. doi:10.1400/258393.
- Colonna, Giovanni (2009). "L'Apollo di Pyrgi, Śur/Śuri (il «Nero») e l'Apollo Sourios". Studi Etruschi (in Italian). LXXIII: 101–134. ISSN 0391-7762.
- Cristofani, Mauro, ed. (2000) [1984]. "Apulu/Aplu". Etruschi: una nuova immagine (in Italian). Florence: Giunti Editore. pp. 161–162. ISBN 9788809017924.
- Cristofani, Mauro, ed. (1985). "Aplu". Dizionario illustrato della civiltà Etrusca (in Italian). Florence: Giunti Editore. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-88-09-21728-7.
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2004). "For the Mother and for the Daughter: Some Thoughts on Dedications from Etruria and Praeneste". Hesperia Supplements. 33. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens: 351–370. ISBN 9780876615331. JSTOR 1354077.
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2006). Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISBN 9781931707862.
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika, eds. (2006). The Religion of the Etruscans. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292782334.
- Bonfante, Larissa. "Etruscan Inscriptions and Etruscan Religion". In De Grummond & Simon (2006). Harvc error: no target: CITEREFDe_GrummondSimon2006 (help)
- Colonna, Giovanni. "Sacred Architecture and the Religion of the Etruscans". In De Grummond & Simon (2006). Harvc error: no target: CITEREFDe_GrummondSimon2006 (help)
- Krauskopf, Ingrid. "The Grave and Beyond". In De Grummond & Simon (2006), p. vii, pp. 73–75. Harvc error: no target: CITEREFDe_GrummondSimon2006 (help)
- Simon, Erika. "Gods in Harmony: The Etruscan Pantheon". In De Grummond & Simon (2006). Harvc error: no target: CITEREFDe_GrummondSimon2006 (help)
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2008). "Moon Over Pyrgi: Catha, an Etruscan Lunar Goddess?". American Journal of Archaeology. 112 (3): 419–428. doi:10.3764/aja.112.3.419. S2CID 193046316 – via University of Chicago Press.
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2016-11-01). "Thunder versus Lightning in Etruria". Etruscan Studies. 19 (2): 183–207. doi:10.1515/etst-2016-0011.
- De Simone, Carlo (2012). "Il teonimo Šuri: riflessioni ad alta voce". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici (in Italian) (32–33).
- Di Fazio, Massimiliano (2013). "Gli Hirpi del Soratte". In Cifani, Gabriele (ed.). Tra Roma e l’Etruria. Cultura, identità e territorio dei Falisci (in Italian). Edizioni Quasar. pp. 231–264. ISBN 978-88-7140-519-3 – via Academia.edu.
- Di Silvio, Paola (2014-11-18). "Suri: L'Apollo Nero Degli Etruschi". EreticaMente (in Italian).
- Elliott, John (1995-01-01). "The Etruscan Wolfman in Myth and Ritual". Etruscan Studies. 2 (1): 17–33. doi:10.1515/etst.1995.2.1.17. S2CID 194102662.
- Haynes, Sybille (2000). Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. ISBN 9780892366002.
- Jannot, Jean-René (2005). Religion in Ancient Etruria. Translated by Whitehead, J.K. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299208448.
- Kenney, Edward John; Clausen, Wendell Vernon (1983). The Cambridge History of Classical Literature. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521273732.
- Lecce, Vittoria. "Novembre e il dio Suri - Il Nero Signore" (in Italian). Museo Nazionale Etrusco.
- Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Vol. I–VIII. Zurich, Munich, Düsseldorf: Artemis & Winkler Verlag. 1981–1999. ISBN 3-7608-8751-1.
- Lübker, Friedrich (1855). Real Lexicon of Classical Antiquity (in German and Russian). Leipzig: B. G. Teubner Verlag. pp. 1303-1304:
Sorānus
- Maras, Daniele F. (2010). "Suri. Il nero signore degli inferi". Archeo (in Italian). No. 305. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
- Moore, Daniel (2018). "The Etruscan Goddess Catha". Etruscan Studies. 21 (1–2): 58–77. doi:10.1515/etst-2017-0030. S2CID 188353013.
- Nonoss (2015). "Turan, Aritimi, Usil et l'énigmatique Letham..." Au Fil du Temps (in French). Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- Obnorsky, Nikolai Petrovich (1900). "Соран, прозвище Аполлона". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. XXXa. Saint Petersburg: Brockhaus–Efron. p. 895.
- Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia. Vol. VII. 2 – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Rissanen, Mika (2013) [2012]. "The Hirpi Sorani and the Wolf Cults of Central Italy". Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica. 46. Helsinki: Klassillis-filologinen yhdistys. ISSN 0570-734X – via Academia.edu.
- Servius (380). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). Vol. I–XII. Georgius Thilo – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Servius (380a). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). Vol. X. 199 – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Servius (380b). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). Vol. XI. 785 – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Silius Italicus. Punica (in Latin). Vol. V. 175 – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Simon, Erika (1998). "Apollo in Etruria". Annali della Fondazione C. Faina di Orvieto V (in Italian): 119–141.
- Strabo. Geography. Vol. V – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Virgil. Aeneid. Vol. XI. 786 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Further reading edit
About the epithets edit
- Babelon, Ernest (1963-01-01). Description Historique Et Chronologique Des Monnaies de La République Romaine Vulgairement Appelées Monnaies Consulaires (in French). Vol. 1. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781291327748.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 77–78.
- Gellius, Aulus. "De nominibus deorum populi Romani Diovis et Vediovis". Noctes Atticae (in Latin). Vol. V. 12.
- Mc Callister, Rick; Mc Callister, Silvia, eds. (1999), "CA-CE", Etruscan Glossary,
Calu
- Scarborough, John (1969), Roman Medicine, Cornell University Press, pp. 144, 238, ISBN 9780801405259,
Vediovis
- Zavaroni, Adolfo (1996). I documenti etruschi (in Italian). Sherpa.
Calu
About the equivalents edit
- Cartwright, Mark (2012-07-19), "Hades", World History Encyclopedia, retrieved 2023-07-22
- Chhawchharia, Ajai Kumar (2015). The Chariot of God: Dharma Rath. ISBN 9781516953776.
- Dronke, Ursula, ed. (1997). The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems. Translated by Dronke, Ursula. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-811181-9.
- Encyclopedia of World Religions. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006. p. 803. ISBN 978-159339266-6.
- Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Psychology Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-415-34495-1.
- Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2.
- Simek, Rudolf (1993). Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Hall, Angela. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 0-85991-513-1.
- Sturluson, Snorri (c. 1220). "Gylfaginning". Prose Edda (in Old Norse).
- Sturluson, Snorri (1995-04-06) [1987]. Edda. Translated by Faulkes, Anthony. London: Dent. ISBN 978-0460876162.
- Sturluson, Snorri (1998-10-01). Edda. Translated by Faulkes, Anthony. London: Viking Society for Northern Research University College. ISBN 978-0903521345.
- Sturluson, Snorri (2005). The Prose Edda. Penguin Classics. Translated by Byock, Jesse. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0140447552.
- Tilton, Theodore (1897). The complete Poetical Works of Theodore Tilton in One Volume. London, UK: T. Fisher Unwin. p. 705.
- Vigfússon, Guðbrandur; Powell, Frederick York (1883). Corpus Poeticum Boreale: Court poetry. Vol. II. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. 471.
External links edit
- "Culto di Soranus". Romano Impero (in Italian). July 2021.
- "Soranus". Myth Index. Archived from the original on 2017-09-21.
- "Definition of Vejovis, Vediovis, Vediiovis", The Latin Lexicon
- "Vediove". Nova Roma: Calendar of Holidays and Festivals.