Baron Karl Klaus (Carl Claus) von der Decken (born August 8, 1833 in Kotzen, Brandenburg, Germany; died October 2, 1865 near Bardera, Somalia) was a German explorer of eastern Africa and the first European to attempt to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.
Following a stint in the military, von der Decken first travelled to eastern Africa in May 1860. There he explored the region around Lake Nyasa, only a year after David Livingstone had been the first European to reach the area. The following year, he set out from Mombasa to survey the Kilimanjaro massif. During the journey inland, he met and invited the young English geologist Richard Thornton, who had left Livingstone's Zambezi expedition, to accompany him to Kilimanjaro. When the massif loomed into view, it was the first time it had been sighted by Europeans since Johannes Rebmann had been the first European to see it in 1848.
Von der Decken and Thornton surveyed the area, accurately estimating Mount Kilimanjaro's height to be around 20,000 feet above sea level. However, when their party attempted to climb the mountain, poor weather kept them from gaining any more than a few thousand feet. When von der Decken returned the following year, this time accompanied by fellow German explorer and chemist Otto Kersten, their attempt to climb the mountain reached around 14,000 feet until deteriorating weather conditions once again prevented von der Decken's party from climbing any higher (and, according to Kersten's acount[1], uncooperative porters). They were, however, able to make close observations of Kilimanjaro's snowcapped summit.
In 1863, von der Decken turned his attention away from Kilimanjaro and visited Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands off the coast of eastern Africa. In 1865, he visited Somalia and became one of the first Europeans to explore the lower reaches of the Jubba River, on board the small steamship Welf. Tragically, after the Welf foundered in rapids beyond Bardera, he and three others in his party were murdered by local tribesmen.
Legacy edit
Although von der Decken failed to reach Mount Kilimanjaro's summit, his and Richard Thornton's data settled the contentious debate as to whether there was any settled snow in tropical Africa. During his 1862 expedition, von der Decken also became the first European to record a sighting of Mount Meru, located forty or so miles to the west of Mount Kilimanjaro. These achievements, together with his descriptions of the area (including that of the bird subsequently named after him, the Von der Decken's Hornbill) earned von der Decken the Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1864.
Footnotes edit
- ^ Translated in Tanganyika Notes and Records no.64, March 1965.
Bibliography edit
- Charles Dundas, Kilimanjaro and its People, London: Frank Cass Publishers, 1968 (ISBN 0714616591; reprint of original 1924 edition).