User:Codex Sinaiticus/hiero

Catalogue of Egyptian uniliterals and hieroglyphs adopted by other alphabets

(by Gardiner code)

Code	Hieroglyph	Descended letters
A2		Meroitic a
A26		Meroitic i
A28		Semitic he *
D1		Semitic resh *
D4		Semitic ayin *
D10		Meroitic da
D21		[orig. unilit. r]; Semitic pe *; Meroitic cha
D36		[orig. unilit. c]; Semitic yodh * (+ Old Copt. ain in lig. )
D37		part of Coptic ti in lig.
D46		[orig. unilit. d]; Semitic kaph *
D58		[orig. unilit. b]
D279	(D279)	? Semitic shin *
E11		Meroitic ba
E23		Meroitic la
F1		Semitic alef *; Meroitic o
F16		? Meroitic to
F18		part of Coptic hori in lig. *
F32		[orig. unilit. kh]
F37		Old Copt. oou
G1		[orig. unilit. 3]; Old Copt. dja in lig.
G17		[orig. unilit. m]; Meroitic ma
G38		Meroitic ka
G43		[orig. unilit. w]
I9		[orig. unilit. f]; Coptic fei
I10		[orig. unilit. j]; Semitic nun *
M8		Meroitic sa; Coptic shei *
M12		Coptic khei
M17		[orig. unilit. i]; Meroitic i (+ Old Copt. alef)
M17a		[orig. unilit. y]; Meroitic ya
M22		? Semitic tsade
M22a		Meroitic nya *
N23		Meroitic se
N24		Semitic heth [or O6 ? (Colless)]; Meroitic pa
N29		[orig. unilit. q]; Meroitic qa (+ Old Copt. kapa)
N35		[orig. unilit. n]; Semitic mem; * Meroitic na (+ Old Copt. ni)
N36		? Meroitic ra
N37		[orig. unilit. sh]
O1		Semitic beth *
O4		[orig. unilit. h]; Meroitic te (+ Old Copt. ha)
O31		Semitic dalet *
O34		[orig. unilit. z]
O49		Semitic teth * [or F35 ? (Colless)]
Q3		[orig. unilit. p]
R11		Semitic samekh *
S29		[orig. unilit. s]
S39		Semitic lamed *
T3		Semitic waw *
T14		Semitic gimel *
U7		? Semitic zayin *
U28		Coptic janja (+ Old Copt. dja in lig. )
V4		Meroitic wa *
V13		[orig. unilit. ch]; Meroitic ta
V24		Semitic qaf
V28		[orig. unilit. ħ]; Old Copt. hat; possibly ? Semitic ghayn
V31		[orig. unilit. k]; Coptic shima *
V34		? S. Semitic tseppa
W11		[orig. unilit. g]
W24		Meroitic kha
X1		[orig. unilit. t]; part of Coptic ti in lig.
Y1		part of Coptic hori in lig. * (+ Old Copt. ain in lig. )
Z4		[orig. unilit. y]
Z7		[orig. unilit. w]
Z9		Semitic taw *
Aa1		[orig. unilit. ɣ] Old Copt. hei

The Old Nubian alphabet included a mix of letters derived from all 3 repertoires (marked with *)

Repertoires

A. Proto-Semitic repertoire

(I. North Semitic glyph order:)

(D279)

(II. Sabaean glyph order:)

(D279)

(III. Ethiopic glyph order:)

(D279)

B. Egyptian uniliteral repertoire

Those glyphs written in like wise for both A and B, shewing also the accompanying change in sounds thereunto:

• In proto-Semitic: y, m, p, H, k, n
• In the Egyptian: ^c, n, r, H, d, j

C. Meroitic repertoire

Glyphs common to C and A:

Glyphs common to C and B:

Glyphs common to A, B, and C:

D. Coptic repertoire

Semitic, via Greek:

(D279)

+ via Demotic:

Older, via Demotic:

E. Old Nubian repertoire

Semitic, via Greek:

(D279)

+ via Coptic:

+ via Meroitic: