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The HeartMath Institute (HMI) is a research and education organization located in Boulder Creek, California, United States.[1] The institute conducts research into the function of the heart and what they believe are the heart's paranormal connections to the hearts of other humans, animals, planets, and the global consciousness. Most of their recommended treatments fit under some tradition of alternative medicine like energy medicine and integrative medicine, and their research is often published in journals devoted to these topics.

The institute has a for-profit counterpart HeartMath LLC which sells various certifications, courses, books, and devices which they claim can be used to increase heart "coherence". Government reports have failed to find independent systematic reviews or meta-analyses that support the efficacy of the HeartMath treatment programs,[2][3] though the institute maintains that its own studies have demonstrated the efficacy of its interventions.[4]

History edit

The HeartMath Institute was established by Lew Childre in 1991.[5] The same year, he and Howard Martin published the book "The Heartmath Solution", which argued that the heart "links us to a higher intelligence through an intuitive domain where spirit and humanness merge".[6][7] The book received positive reviews from Christiane Northrup, who endorsed it for people who want to "use our heart's energy to help heal our bodies and our lives", and Deepak Chopra, who said "this book could save you years of therapy".[8]

In 1997, the for-profit counterpart HeartMath LLC was founded.[9]

In 2001, the institute published the book "The Science of the Heart", which expanded on the previous book with a theory of energetic communication, postulating that the heart can bio-magnetically communicate with the hearts of humans, animals, trees and planets.[10] The book also synthesized their previous research on energetic communication and parapsychology into a more complete theory claiming that the heart’s of all living creatures are coupled to a field of information that is "not bound by the classical limits of time and space", creating a "global humanity field" facilitated by planetary electromagnetic fields.[11]

In 2002, Quantum Intech Inc was founded, and became the parent company of the HeartMath Institute and HeartMath LLC. Quantum Intech owns the patents to many of the HeartMath technologies and treatments,[12] which it licenses to HeartMath LLC and the HeartMath Institute.[13] One of the patents is for the technology behind their emWave device that measures heart rate variability,[14] which they claim can be used to achieve a state of "coherence" and various accompanying benefits.[15][16][17][18] A subsequent review of the emWave stress reliever published by the James Randi Educational Foundation argued that while the concept of heart rate variability has scientific backing,[19] the institute's speculative research about the alleged spiritual benefits of their device was "starting with a result and trying to conduct research to prove the result they already believed in", which is that the heart has "powers beyond anything we can measure with modern technology".[20]

In 2004, the U.S. Department of Education, awarded the HeartMath Institute with a $1,000,000 grant to study the efficacy of their TestEdge program, which was intended to increase student test scores by increasing the "coherence" of their hearts,[21] and help students reduce stress and anxiety.[22][23] The study failed to find a statistically significant increase in the test scores across the entire intervention group,[24] though HeartMath has advertised the study as a success, pointing to a set of subgroups that had 10-25 point score increases.[25] The study did find statistically significant differences in reported test anxiety, emotional discord, and social interaction according to their surveys. In their concluding comments on the study, a NREPP analysis reported that "no reliability data from independent investigators were provided", "a criterion validity was not established", and "the study had considerable missing data", rating their quality assurance procedures and attempts to account for confounding variables a 2.3 out of 4.0.[26]

In 2014, a movie entitled The Power of the Heart was released. It featured the HeartMath director of research along with various well known spiritual gurus, including Deepak Chopra and Eckhart Tolle, who argued that science was discovering the "power and intelligence" of the heart, and its ability to help one live in a "higher level of consciousness".[27]

In 2014, the NHS concluded its investigation into the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, which was offering various alternative therapies like homeopathy, mistletoe cancer treatments, and some HeartMath programs.[28] The board voted to end referrals to the hospital,[29] concluding that there was a lack of evidence supporting the efficacy of HeartMath and some other treatment programs.[30]

Beliefs edit

Coherence edit

The institute is a proponent of the concept of heart coherence, which they define as a state of cooperative alignment between the heart, mind, emotions and physical systems.[31][32] They believe that this state can be measured by heart rate variability monitors,[33] and that a highly ordered HRV signal is an indicator of a coherent state.[34] They claim that one can achieve a state of coherence using the bio-feedback technology in their emWave device in order to gain various psychological and spiritual benefits.[35][36][37][38][39] There's no scientific consensus about whether achieving a state of coherence does anything useful or that achieving it through HeartMath devices has any beneficial effects.[20][40][41][42] A report by the CADTH identified two uncontrolled non-randomized studies[43][44] that showed positive effects of HRV bio-feedback on mental health,[3] but a literature review indicates these benefits are likely due to the subject relaxing, rather than a specific psychological mechanism like coherence.[45]

Parapsychology edit

The institute has claimed that increasing coherence can amplify various psychic abilities.[46][47] For example, in a 2003 study, the HeartMath director of research claimed to have telekinetically caused DNA in a beaker to unwind by bringing his heart into a state of coherence, staring at the beaker, and willing it to unwind.[48] He also claimed to have replicated this experiment from a half-mile away. Critics have pointed out that this study was not peer-reviewed and that many similar parapsychology experiments have failed to replicate.[49][50]

Quantum Mysticism edit

The institute is a proponent of quantum mysticism,[51] a set of ideas that attempts to appropriate quantum mechanics to provide a scientific basis for spiritual beliefs.[52] More specifically, HeartMath research has claimed that the principles of non-locality and holography can help explain heart's supposed precognitive abilities. In a 2011 study, they claimed to have demonstrated that entrepreneurs can intuit future events using the electromagnetic properties of their heart, that this effect is amplified by a state of coherence, and that the effect could be used to anticipate ideal investment amounts for startups.[53] They subsequently argued that this effect was explained by the transmission of "quantum-holographical" information received by the heart over the earth's magnetic field information from the future.[54] Critics of attempts to relate non-locality and precognition have argued that this view is incompatible with well established quantum mechanical principles like the no-signaling theorem, which implies that quantum entanglement cannot be used for superluminal communication.[55][56]

Notable Contracts and Grants edit

Year(s) Organization Entity Type Transaction Description Amount
2004 U.S. Department of Education HeartMath Institute Grant TestEdge program ~$1,000,000
2010 U.S. Navy[57][58] HeartMath LLC Purchase Order EmWave devices $203,455
2011 U.S. Navy[59][60] HeartMath LLC Purchase Order EmWave devices $965,743
2010-2022 U.S. Department of VA[61][62] HeartMath LLC Purchase Order HeartMath trainings ~$40,000/yr
2019 U.S. CDC[63] NORC Grant HeartMath for youth resiliency $1,049,996

Projects edit

Global Consciousness Project edit

The institute maintains a global network of random number generators in support of the Global Consciousness Project, a parapsychology experiment based on the hypothesis that world events can cause emotional disturbances in the "global consciousness" which will be measurable as non-random patterns in the data collected from the network.[64] Proponents of the project have claimed that it is supported by a large amount of statistically significant data,[65] while detractors have argued that the supposed results are artifacts of confirmation bias.[66]

Global Coherence Initiative edit

The institute also maintains a network of magnetic field detectors that they use to monitor geomagnetic activity. The stated purpose of this network is to "to quantify the impact of human emotion on the earth’s electromagnetic field and tip the global equation toward greater peace".[11] They believe the earth's magnetic field facilitates unified communication between the heart's of all living creatures, and that their detectors can monitor the "global coherence" of this unified system.

Tree Rhythms Project edit

The institute also maintains an array of sensors monitoring the electromagnetic activity of selected trees around the world. They've hypothesized that these fields carry "biologically relevant information" that can provide evidence for their theory claiming that these fields unify and interconnect all living creatures as part of the global consciousness.[67]

Criticism edit

In April 2003, psychiatrist Steven Barrett added HeartMath to the quackwatch.org index of questionable treatments and index of questionable organizations,[68][69] citing what he saw as the poor design and quality controls of their studies on heart rate variability. He also questioned the quality of the journals the research was published in, and the relevance of the data they collected to their treatment programs.[70]

In August 2008, psychologist David Douglass published an article to the Cabrillo College website examining the claims HeartMath researchers were making about the potential of their TestEdge program to increase test scores. He pointed out that all four of the studies that purported to show test score increases lacked a proper control condition, random assignment, and blind observers, which led him to conclude that there is no evidence that the coherence intervention has any positive effects.[71]

In December 2012, neurologist Steven Novella published an article to sciencebasedmedicine.org criticizing the so-called “Cargo Cult Science” of energy medicine. He argued that HeartMath research is an example of how research methods can be misused to support a favored hypothesis, and that the institute had failed to provide any evidence that the supposed benefits of coherence could be differentiated from the benefits of relaxation.[72]

In July 2014, in response to a HeartMath seminar given at his hospital, psychiatrist Scott Alexander published an article to Slate Star Codex that questioned their scientific credibility, arguing that much of their research had failed to properly control for confounding variables. He pointed out that many of their experimental results, like Doc Childre's alleged ability to telekenetically unwind DNA in a beaker,[48] were not peer-reviewed and were inconsistent with known science.[49]

In July 2015, in response to a HeartMath talk given at the International Positive Psychology Association, psychologist James C. Coyne published an article examining some of their research and arguing that it was superficial and failed to meet the basic standards of reproducible science. He questioned why HeartMath had failed to put its more speculative research through peer review and concluded that it was lucrative pseudoscience.[11]

In March 2018, oncologist David Gorski published an article criticizing HeartMath’s Global Coherence Initiative, calling it “woo on a global scale” and pointing out that their conclusions were based on a sample size of only 16 people.[73] He also criticized Scientific Reports, a journal by the Nature publishing group, for publishing HeartMath research, saying that it is too easily conflated with the high-impact journal Nature despite having far lower standards for acceptance.[74]

HeartMath Institute
Formation1991
FounderLew Childre
Type501(c)(3) Nonprofit
HeadquartersBoulder Creek, California
Katherine Floriano, Brian Kabaker, Dan Bishop, Diana Govan, Donna Koontz
Key people
Rollin McCraty
Parent organization
Quantum Intech
AffiliationsHeartMath LLC
Websitehttps://heartmath.org

The HeartMath Institute (HMI) is a research and education organization founded by Doc Childre and located in Boulder Creek, California, United States.[75] The institute conducts research into the function of the heart and the role they believe it plays in parapsychology. Most of their recommended treatments fit under some tradition of alternative medicine like energy medicine and integrative medicine, and their research is often published in journals devoted to these topics.

The institute has a for-profit counterpart named HeartMath LLC, which sells various techniques and devices that purport to increase "heart coherence".[76] This work has been accused of being a pseudoscience.[77] A review by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology failed to find independent systematic reviews or meta-analyses that support the efficacy of HeartMath treatment programs,[78] though additional federally funded trials are ongoing.[79][80]

History edit

The HeartMath Institute was established by Lew Childre in 1991.[81] The same year, he and Howard Martin published the book "The Heartmath Solution", which argued that the heart "links us to a higher intelligence through an intuitive domain where spirit and humanness merge".[82]

In 1997, the for-profit counterpart HeartMath LLC was founded.[83]

In 2002, Quantum Intech Inc was founded, and became the parent company of the HeartMath Institute and HeartMath LLC. Quantum Intech owns the patents to many of the HeartMath technologies and treatments,[84] which it licenses to HeartMath LLC and the HeartMath Institute.[85]

In April of 2003, psychiatrist Steven Barrett added HeartMath to the quackwatch.org index of questionable treatments and index of questionable organizations,[86][87] citing what he saw as the poor design and quality controls of their studies on heart rate variability. He also questioned the quality of the journals the research was published in, and the relevance of the data they collected to evaluating the efficacy of their treatment programs.[88]

In 2004, the U.S. Department of Education, funded a study of the efficacy of a HeartMath program that was designed to increase student test scores by increasing physiological coherence.[89] The study failed to find a statistically significant increase in the test scores across the entire intervention group, though it did find statistically significant differences in reported test anxiety, emotional discord, and social interaction.[90] A NREPP analysis of the study reported that "no reliability data from independent investigators were provided", "a criterion validity was not established", and "the study had considerable missing data", rating the quality assurance procedures and attempts to account for confounding variables a 2.3 out of 4.0.[91]

In the June of 2015, Florida Atlantic University became the first university to implement HeartMath training for all of its faculty, staff, and students. They stated that the program would trainees bring their mind and emotions into "balanced alignment with their heart’s intuitive guidance".[92]

In 2014, the NHS concluded its investigation into the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, which was offering various alternative therapies like homeopathy, mistletoe cancer treatments, and HeartMath programs.[93] The board voted to end referrals to the hospital,[94] concluding that there was a lack of evidence supporting the efficacy of its treatment programs.[95]

Beliefs edit

Coherence edit

The institute has claimed that the heart plays a central role in regulating emotions,[96] and that various measures of heart physiology are correlated with ailments like hypertension and cognitive decline.[97] Most importantly, they have introduced a concept they call "heart coherence" defined as a state of synchronization between the heart, respiratory system, and a heart rate variability pattern.[98] They claim that by achieving a coherent state, one can gain various psychological and spiritual benefits like lower stress,[99] better decision making,[100] and the ability to cause a shift in the global consciousness at certain points in the solar cycle.[101] There's no scientific consensus about whether achieving a state of coherence does anything useful or that achieving it through HeartMath devices has any beneficial effects.[102] Some studies have showed a positive effects of HRV bio-feedback on mental health,[103] but a literature review indicates these benefits are likely due to the subject relaxing, rather than a specific psychological mechanism like coherence.[104]

Heart Rate Variability edit

The institute has developed a device that measures heart rate variability (HRV),[105] which they claim can be used to lower stress.[106] They also believe the device can measure heart coherence,[107] and that achieving this state can increase various measures of well-being.[108] The device received a positive reception from some technology-focused websites,[109][110] though a review published by the James Randi Educational Foundation argued that the institute's speculative research about the alleged spiritual benefits of their device was "starting with a result and trying to conduct research to prove the result they already believed in", which is that the heart has "powers beyond anything we can measure with modern technology".[102]

Energy Medicine edit

The institute has claimed that the heart emits an energetic field that carries emotional state information capable of being detected by nearby systems,[111] that all living things are interconnected by the electromagnetic field of the earth,[101] and that the heart's field is coupled to a "field of information that is not bound by the classical limits of time and space".[111] When the latter assertion was made at a meeting of the International Positive Psychology Association, it was subsequently criticized by psychologist James C. Coyne for failing to meet the basic standards of reproducible science. He questioned why HeartMath had failed to put its more speculative research through peer review and concluded that it was lucrative pseudoscience.[111]

Parapsychology edit

The institute has claimed that increasing coherence can amplify various intuitive abilities.[112] For example, in a 2003 study, the HeartMath director of research claimed to have telekinetically caused DNA in a beaker to unwind by bringing his heart into a state of coherence, staring at the beaker, and willing it to unwind. He also claimed to have replicated this experiment from a half-mile away.[113]

Notable contracts and grants edit

Year(s) Organization Entity Type Transaction Description Amount
2004 U.S. Department of Education HeartMath Institute Grant TestEdge program ~$1,000,000
2010 U.S. Navy[114] HeartMath LLC Purchase Order EmWave devices $203,455
2011 U.S. Navy[115] HeartMath LLC Purchase Order EmWave devices $965,743
2010-2022 U.S. Department of VA[116] HeartMath LLC Purchase Order HeartMath trainings ~$40,000/yr
2019 U.S. CDC[117] NORC Grant HeartMath for resiliency $1,049,996
2023 U.S. NIJ[79] FSU Grant HeartMath for jail staff $498,491

Projects edit

Global Consciousness Project edit

The institute maintains a global network of random event generators in support of the Global Consciousness Project (GCP),[101] a parapsychology experiment based on the hypothesis that world events can cause emotional disturbances in the "global consciousness" which will be measurable as non-random patterns in the data collected from the network.[118] Proponents of the GCP have claimed that it is supported by a large amount of statistically significant data,[119] while detractors have argued that the supposed results are artifacts of confirmation bias.[120]

Global Coherence Initiative edit

The institute also maintains a network of induction coil magentometers that they use to monitor geomagnetic activity.[121] The stated purpose of this network is to "to quantify the impact of human emotion on the earth's electromagnetic field and tip the global equation toward greater peace".[111] They believe the earth's magnetic field facilitates unified communication between the heart's of all living creatures and that their detectors can monitor the "global coherence" of this unified system.[101]

Tree Rhythms Project edit

The institute also maintains an array of sensors monitoring the electromagnetic activity of selected trees around the world. They've hypothesized that these fields carry "biologically relevant information" that can provide evidence for their theory claiming that these fields unify and interconnect all living creatures as part of the global consciousness.[122]

Criticism edit

In August 2008, psychologist David Douglass published an article to the Cabrillo College website examining the claims HeartMath researchers were making about the potential of their TestEdge program to increase test scores. He pointed out that all four of the studies that purported to show test score increases lacked a proper control condition, random assignment, and blind observers, which led him to conclude that there is no evidence that the coherence intervention has any positive effects.[123]

In December 2012, neurologist Steven Novella published an article to sciencebasedmedicine.org criticizing the so-called "Cargo Cult Science" of energy medicine. He argued that HeartMath research is an example of how research methods can be misused to support a favored hypothesis, and that the institute had failed to provide any evidence that the supposed benefits of coherence could be differentiated from the benefits of relaxation.[77]

See also edit

Further reading edit

References edit

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See Also edit

References edit

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