User:Bamse/Japanese historical periods

General History

Asuka period

Lower limit:

• 538: introduction of Buddhism to Japan, traditional date (according to Jōgū Shōtoku Hōō Teisetsu)
• 552: introduction of Buddhism to Japan (according to Nihon Shoki)
• 592: start of official adoption of Buddhism following the assassination of Emperor Sushun by Soga no Umako

Name: after Asuka, Yamato

Nara period

Lower limit:

• 645: establishment of a centralized government following the Taika Reform
• 708: accession of Empress Gemmei, copper found in japan?
• 710: move of capital from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō (Nara)

Name: after the capital which was located at Heijō-kyō (Nara) from 710-740 and again from 745-784

Heian period

Lower limit:

• 794: capital moved to Heian-kyō
• 784: capital moved to Nagaoka-kyō
• 781: accession of Emperor Kammu
• 806: death of Emperor Kammu?

Name: after capital at Heian-kyō (Kyoto)

Kamakura period

Lower limit:

• 1180: move of capital to Fukuhara-kyō enforced by Taira no Kiyomori
• 1183: flight of Taira from capital
• 1185: end of Genpei War; most conventional (e.g. Cambridge History of Japan)
• 1192: Minamoto no Yoritomo appointed as shogun

Name: after Kamakura shogunate located in Kamakura

Muromachi period

Name: after Muromachi Street in Kyoto where Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence

Azuchi-Momoyama period

Lower limit:

• 1573: downfall of Ashikaga clan (in political history)
• 1596: first year of Keichō era (in sword history)

Name: after Azuchi Castle and Momoyama Castle (castles of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi respectively)

Azuchi period

Lower limit

• 1569: year after Nobunage occupies Kyoto and initiates period of military consolidation

Momoyama period

Lower limit

• 1582: death of Nobunaga

Edo period

Lower limit:

• 1600: decisive victory for the Tokugawa at the Battle of Sekigahara
• 1601: (in political history)
• 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes shogun
• 1615: last resistance to Tokugawa rule eliminated at Siege of Osaka
• 1616: death of Ieyasu
• 1644: cultural influence of Momoyama period continued until Kan'ei era (in cultural history)

Upper limit:

• 1867: last Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, resigns
• 1868: Meiji Restoration, Tokyo becomes capital

Cultural History

• Asuka period
• Hakuho period
• Tempyo period
• Jogan period
• Fujiwara period
• Kamakura p.
• Muromachi p.

History of Swords

• jokotō (上古刀, ancient sword): until mid-Heian period
• kotō (古刀, "old sword"): mid-Heian period to 1596
• shintō (新刀, "new sword"): 1596 to end of 18th century
• shinshintō (新々刀, "new-new sword"): late 18th century to ca. 1876

Bibliography

• Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney (1993). The Cambridge History of Japan: Ancient Japan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
• Deal, William E. (2007) [1973]. Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan (illustrated, revised ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195331264. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
• Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2009-01-05). Gardner's Art Through the Ages: Non-Western Perspectives. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9780495573678. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
• Tsutsui, William M. (2009-07-06). A Companion to Japanese History. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 9781405193399. Retrieved 2011-05-22.