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The GE Transportation C44aci is a model of Australian heavy duty diesel electric locomotive designed by UGL Rail and built at the Broadmeadow factory. It is operated by a number of rail freight operators. The design is based on the National Rail NR class but with some modifications and upgraded features.
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Design edit
The C44aci was designed by UGL Rail in response to a tender issued by Pacific National, who required a locomotive to match the performance of their existing 90 class units when hauling heavy coal traffic, while still having the ability to work high speed intermodal services, with the change between applications to be simple.[1]
The existing UGL Rail Cv40-9i (NR class) locomotive design was used as a base, but with alterations including:[2]
- Higher horsepower prime mover
- Smaller main alternator
- Enlarged radiator size now overhangs the walkway at the number 2 end to cope with the more powerful engine
- AC traction motor allowing an increase in haulage capacity
- Addition of inline refuelling fittings
- Isolated cab for reduced noise and vibration
- A new design of fabricated bogies
- Increased use of modular construction
- Revised transition curves in the underframe to reduce the probability of fatigue cracking
- Various body and cab modifications
The NR class design had also been used as a basis for the AC traction QR National 5000 class introduced in 2005. This design did not meet the requirements for Pacific National due to the heavy axle load, acceptable on the heavily laid coal routes, but not on lines outside of the Hunter Valley.[2]
To reduce the weight, the level of fuel carried is altered: for intermodal applications the fuel level is 7,300 litres, for coal applications that permit higher axle loads the fuel level is increased to 13,500 litres, with an intermediate fuel level of 10,750 litres also available. These limits are enforced during refuelling by a float switch in the tank, the permitted level being set by a key switch with an indication displayed in the cab if the limits are breached.[2] The provision of inline refuelling permits the topping up of the tanks in transit from a separate tank wagon behind the locomotives.
The older GE Transportation FDL series engine was chosen instead of the newer GE Evolution Series engine used in the United States, due to the greater height not fitting in the restricted Australian loading gauge,[1] and there being no legal requirement to meet stringent Tier 2 emissions standards which drove adoption of the GEVO series elsewhere. The C44aci has one inverter per traction motor, this differs from competing Downer EDi Rail locomotives that have only one inverter per bogie. A further difference between the C44aci and the competing GT46C ACe is the lack of steering bogies to improve tracking properties and reduce the rate of wheel wear, instead fixed-frame pedestal-type bogies are used where all three axles are always held parallel.[1] However, QUBE's QL class were built with steering bogies included.
Simulation work showed that three C44aci locomotives could equal the performance of 90 class units in heavy mode, while in intermodal mode could outperform the older NR class units by 20% on services, with the same sectional running times and in some areas a slight reduction in fuel consumed due to the increased adhesion resulting from AC traction.[1] However the 4400BHP C44aci was outperformed by the competitors 4500BHP GT46C-ACe locomotive produced by Downer EDi Rail in back-to-back trials performed by RailCorp on the steeply graded Cowan Bank.[3][4]
By operator edit
Pacific National edit
The first of the Pacific National 92 class was officially launched at Port Waratah on 3 October 2008.[5] All 15 units entered service on coal trains in the Hunter Region and were trialed on Brisbane—Melbourne freights and return.[6][7] In 2012 Pacific National took delivery of six 93 class C44aci locomotives optimised for intermodal freight transport between Melbourne and Brisbane.[8][9] On 17 January 2013, Pacific National placed an order for another two (later expanded to five) 93 class locomotives.[10] In 2014, Pacific National extended the order of the 93 class to 9324 in which all 24 93 class are in service. Until late 2023, 9321-24 were commonly seen on Melbourne-Adelaide intermodal services and other east-coast trains. In late 2023 they were transferred to the Hunter Valley, displacing older 90 Class locomotives. All other examples are run almost exclusively in the Hunter Valley on coal services.[11][12]
In October 2021 it was announced that UGL had secured a $297 million (later $330 million) order for 50 C44aci locomotives from Pacific National, these locomotives are to have GE's newer Evolution series of engine. The locomotives are to be designed and delivered over a period of 7 years, with deliveries starting in 2024. They are to be designated the "94 Class".[13][14][15]
Aurizon edit
In July 2008, Aurizon subsidiary Australian Railroad Group ordered eight locomotives, with options for 16 more units. Intended for use on their Western Australian standard gauge lines, they were delivered between August and September 2009.[16] These units feature updated electronic control and engine management systems, and had their entry to service delayed by weight issues, with steel body side doors being replaced with lighter aluminium substitutes.[17] Since entering service they have been used on the Koolyanobbing to Esperance iron ore service, in the full fuel load (139 tonnes) configuration.[17]
In January 2009, Aurizon ordered twelve 6000 class units for use on coal haulage.[18][19] The first was delivered in October 2009.[20] These units were to be fitted with electronically controlled pneumatic braking equipment, for operation with similarly Hunter Valley Coal wagons.[17][21]
QR National subsequently ordered an additional 12 locomotives to operate intermodal trains. The first nine were delivered in 2012 as the 6020 class with the final three diverted to Australian Railroad Group as the ACC class.[22][23]
Aurizon purchased five new 6040 class units were built in 2017–18.[24]
Aurizon ordered 9 new C44aci locomotives in 2021, numbered ACD 6046–6055. 6046 entered service on 19 March 2022, 6047 on 24 March, 6048 on 23 April, 6049 on 24 April. ACD 6050 entered service on 10 October 2022, and 6051 entered service on 12 October 2022. ACD 6052 entered service on 19 December 2022, ACD 6053 entered service on 29 December 2022, 6054 on the 27th, and ACD 6055 entered service on 13 February 2023. 6055's livery features Australian Aboriginal artwork on the long end.
In 2021, ORA took delivery of GWU012-GWU015, these are now owned by Aurizon.
East Coast Rail edit
East Coast Rail comprises the former One Rail Australia's east coast coal operations in Queensland and NSW. In 2012 and in 2020, Genesee & Wyoming Australia took delivery of 11 locomotives for use on Hunter Valley Coal trains services, numbered GWU001-GWU011. They eventually found themselves back in NSW. All 30 of the former Glencore and One Rail Australia XRN class are now owned by East Coast Rail as well, though still wearing the GWA/ORA livery. All are used on Hunter Valley coal trains.
RailFirst Asset Management edit
In 2012–13, RFAM took delivery of 12 C44aci locomotives as the CF class, numbered CF4401-CF4412. CF4412 was named Black Caviar and painted in salmon pink, silver and black (which were the racing colours of Black Caviar), as opposed to the standard blue, silver and yellow that CFCLA usually used. 10 locomotives were included in the transfer of assets to Anchorage Capital Partners in January 2020, and subsequent rebranding as Rail First Asset Management in early 2021. Four more were ordered in 2021, and a further four in 2023.
Centennial Coal edit
In 2012, Centennial Coal took delivery of seven locomotives for their coal operations.[25][26] These are operated by Southern Shorthaul Railroad.
Mineral Resources edit
UGL Rail had four units on the production line for Consolidated Rail Leasing as the CRL class before the order was cancelled. They were completed and retained by UGL as lease units. They along with two units completed for but not delivered to Genesee & Wyoming Australia were sold to Mineral Resources as the MRL class. The first entered service in June 2014 hauling iron ore train from Mount Walton to Kwinana.[27][28]
Fletcher International Exports edit
In 2014, three were completed for Fletcher International Exports in attractive red and blue livery to haul the Fletcher's container service from Dubbo to Port Botany. Trains are run by Southern Shorthaul Railroad. A fourth unit (FIE004) was ordered in 2021. In November 2022, it was undergoing outdoor commissioning at UGL Broadmeadow with ACD6052, entering service on 16 November 2022.
Crawfords Freightlines edit
Two locomotives (known as Spud and Carrot) have become the permanent motive power for the Sandgate to Port Botany container train operated by Crawfords Freightlines, replacing the leased C class locomotives as the motive power.[29][30]
Qube Holdings edit
Qube announced the purchase of an unspecified number of locomotives in March 2020, for delivery over 18 months.[31] It was later confirmed that 12 locomotives were to be built. As of 9 November 2021, all 12 locomotives are in service. After initially seeing use on QUBE's various trains throughout NSW they now mainly see use on the BlueScope Steel services out of Port Kembla to Melbourne (Long Island) and Brisbane, now that QUBE have taken this contract over from Pacific National from 1 January 2022. In June 2022 QUBE ordered 8 more locomotives. QL013 entered service on 14 May 2023 and QL014 entered service on 24 May 2023. QL015 entered service on 6 June 2023, QL016 on 27 June 2023, QL017 entered service on 30 June 2023 and QL018 entered service on 15 July 2023. QL019 entered service on 15 August 2023. As of 21 August 2023, QL020 has not yet entered service. QL019 and QL020 wear a predominantly blue Aboriginal design with a map of Australia.
Fleet edit
| Owner | Operator | Class | Number in class | Road numbers | Built | Notes |
| Pacific National | 92 | 15 | 9201–9215 | 2008–09 | Allocated to Hunter Valley coal services. | |
| 93 | 24 | 9301–9324 | 2012–13 (9301–9317), 2016–17 (9318–20), 2020 (9321–24). | 9301 - 9324 used in Hunter Valley coal service. | ||
| 94 | 50 | 9401–9450 | 2024–29 | Fleet rejuvenation in intermodal/interstate operations, plus future Inland Rail. Will have the Evolution series engine. 'C44ESACi' | ||
| Aurizon | 6000 | 12 | 6001-6012 | 2009 | Used on Hunter Valley coal, NSW grain, and Illawarra coal services to Tahmoor and Helensburgh. | |
| 6020 | 9 | 6021–6029 | 2012 | Used on Hunter Valley coal & Broken Hill-Kwinana mineral sands services. | ||
| 6040 | 5 | 6041-6045 | 2017–2018 | Used on Hunter Valley coal services | ||
| AC | 8 | AC4301–AC4308 | 2009 | Ex Australian Railroad Group. Currently used in Western Australia. | ||
| ACB | 6 | ACB4401–ACB4406 | 2011 | |||
| ACC | 3 | ACC6030–ACC6032 | 2012 | |||
| ACD | 9 | ACD6046–ACD6055 | 2022-2023 | Used on interstate intermodal services. | ||
| GWU | 4 | GWU012–GWU015 | 2021 | |||
| East Coast Rail | GWU | 11 | GWU001-011 | 2012-2020 | Used on Hunter Valley coal operations. | |
| XRN | 30 | XRN001-XRN030 | 2010-2012 | |||
| Rail First Asset Management | lease units | CF | 20 | CF4401-CF4412, CF4420-CF4427 | 2011–2023 | Leased to operators as required. They have seen service with Pacific National, Aurizon, SCT Logistics and Qube Holdings. Southern Shorthaul Railroad and Sydney Rail Services have also operated these locos on behalf of Crawfords Freightlines.
CF4412 is named Black Caviar and is painted in the famous horses salmon and black dots racing colours. |
| Centennial Coal | Southern Shorthaul Railroad | CEY | 7 | CEY001–CEY007 | 2011-2012 | Painted in the SSR livery, but with green replacing black for the stripe. Used on coal trains from the Blue Mountains to Newcastle, and on occasion to the Illawarra. |
| Fletcher International Exports | FIE | 4 | FIE001–FIE004 | 2014-2022 | Used between Dubbo and Port Botany, and an infrequent shuttle from Dubbo to Hermidale. | |
| Crawford's Freightlines | Sydney Rail Services | PHC | 2 | PHC001–PHC002 | 2016 | PHC001 named Carrot and PHC002 named Spud. Formerly operated by Southern Shorthaul Railroad. |
| Mineral Resources | Aurizon & Pacific National | MRL | 6 | MRL001–MRL006 | 2013–2014 | Four originally ordered by Consolidated Rail Leasing, now owned by Mineral Resources. Two additional locos built new. Used in Western Australia hauling iron ore trains. Formerly operated by Pacific National. |
| Qube Holdings | QL | 20 | QL001–QL020 | 2021-2023 | 20 in service.[31] Fitted with steering bogies. | |
Related development edit
- National Rail NR class, ancestor model Cv40-9i
- QR National 5000 class, ancestor model C40aci
- QR National 5020 class, heavy haul variant model C44acHi
- Downer EDI Rail GT46C ACe, principal competitor
References edit
- ^ a b c d Graham Haywood (December 2008). "Pacific National 92 class locomotives for coal and intermodal" (PDF). Railway Technical Society of Australasia: NSW Chapter Newsletter. rtsa.com.au. Retrieved 26 October 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b c Graham Haywood (August 2008). "Pacific National 92 class locomotives for coal and intermodal" (PDF). Railway Technical Society of Australasia: SA Chapter Newsletter. rtsa.com.au. Retrieved 26 October 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "New SCT locomotives". Railpage Australia Forums (Locomotives and Rolling Stock). railpage.com.au. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- ^ "Downer EDI Rail's GT46C ACe locomotive hailed 'King of the Mountain'". AusRAIL. 17 July 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- ^ Pacific National launches new Hunter Valley coal locomotives and wagons Archived 11 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine Pacific National 3 October 2008
- ^ Mark Carter (October 2008). "Loco boom for manufacturers" (PDF). Rail Horizons. rtsa.com.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ 92 Class Vicsig
- ^ Pacific National boasts new UGL locomotives Australian Transport News 10 September 2012
- ^ Six new locomotives workhorses for Pacific National Archived 25 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Rail.co 12 September 2012
- ^ "UGL secures $170 million in new projects" (PDF). UGL Limited. 17 January 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "UGL in $594 million deal with rail company Pacific National". The Australian. 29 June 2016.
- ^ Listing of additional 93 class locomotives on the ARTC network Australian Rail Track Corporation 13 December 2016 Sept 5 2019 Australian Rail Pacific National
- ^ "UGL secures $297M locomotive manufacturing contract | UGL news". www.ugllimited.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Pacific National acquires new freight locomotives in line with ESG strategy - Pacific National". pacificnational.com.au. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ Safeguard Mechanism off the tracks when it comes to rail freight - Pacific National. - "... locally manufactured and assembled in Newcastle and will be delivered to Pacific National starting in 2024." Retrieved 28 June 2023, archived from the original on 28 June 2023.
- ^ "Australian Rail Group has ordered eight 3.2MW diesel locomotives for use on Western Australian standard-gauge lines". International Railway Journal. findarticles.com. July 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ a b c "ARG AC class enter service". Motive Power: 34–35. October 2009.
- ^ "QR signs $70 million-plus locomotive purchase from United Group". QR Corporate - Media Releases. corporate.qr.com.au. 18 January 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ "United Group wins QR deal". International Railway Journal. findarticles.com. February 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ "Wongm's Rail Gallery - QRN 6001 in Melbourne". wongm.railgeelong.com. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ 6000 Class Vicsig
- ^ 6020 Class Vicsig
- ^ ACC Class Vicsig
- ^ Addition of 2 new 6000 class locomotives Australian Rail Track Corporation 8 March 2017
- ^ New Centennial fleet doubles haulage capacity Archived 25 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Rail.co 18 July 2012
- ^ CEY Class Vicsig
- ^ "Mineral Resources buy their own Trains" Railway Digest May 2014 page 30
- ^ Annual Report for year ended 30 June 2014 Archived 23 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine Mineral Resources
- ^ From carrots to cargo The Singleton Argus 26 February 2016
- ^ Two new UGL Locomotives, Carrot and Spud, for Crawfords Freightlines UGL Rail 26 February 2016
- ^ a b "UGL awarded $180M in rail contracts in NSW and SA". UGL Rail. 11 March 2020.
- Craig Matthews. "Development of the Cv43ACI Locomotive". Conference on Railway Engineering Presentations and Papers. Railway Technical Society of Australasia. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2010.