Triumph of the Nerds

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Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires (1996) is a documentary film written and hosted by Robert X. Cringely (Mark Stephens) and produced for British television by Oregon Public Broadcasting. The title refers to the 1984 film, Revenge of the Nerds, and the documentary is based on Cringely's book, Accidental Empires. The three-part film first premiered on PBS in June 1996. The full transcripts of the documentary can be found at the PBS Web site.^[1]

Plot and structure

The documentary chronicles the rise of the personal computer/home computer beginning in the 1970s with the Altair 8800, Apple I and Apple II and VisiCalc. It continues through the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh revolution through the 1980s and the mid 1990s, ending at the beginning of the Dot-com boom with the release of Windows 95.

It includes interviews with many influential figures in the PC industry, including Apple's Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Microsoft's Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, and Oracle's Larry Ellison.

The documentary cites the several major milestones in the PC industry:

• Episode 1
  • Tim Paterson's development of 86-DOS largely from duplicating Gary Kildall's CP/M operating system. Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS from Paterson's employer SCP for US$50,000 shortly before the release of the IBM PC. Microsoft's resulting MS-DOS was an operating system that could run on any 8086-family computer.

• Episode 2
  • Compaq's successful reverse-engineering of the IBM PC, which led to many competitors producing IBM clones that undercut IBM's own offering. While IBM was one of the key companies that fostered the growth of the PC industry and initially dominated it, by 1990 it had lost its lead.
  • IBM's unsuccessful attempt to recapture a dominant share in the PC market with the PS/2 and OS/2, the latter being the successor to MS-DOS. The proprietary nature of the PS/2 and exclusivity of OS/2 was intended to drive sales of IBM's own hardware and made it difficult for other manufacturers of PC compatibles to compete.^[2]
  • Microsoft had originally profited from the initial success of the IBM PC. It did even better with the proliferation of clones as IBM's own market share shrank, so Microsoft saw no business sense in following IBM's lead. Microsoft saw more potential in developing Windows, a project it pursued parallel to its cooperating with IBM on OS/2, and Windows 3.0 proved to be a great success (along with MS-DOS) bundled with new PCs. This led to the split between the two titans, with Microsoft setting the standard for PCs, while IBM concentrated on its mainframe and services businesses.

• Episode 3
  • Steve Jobs, having viewed a demonstration of Xerox's Alto graphical user interface, developed a desktop manager for the Macintosh with an icon-based interface modeled on the Alto. Cringely suggested that Xerox had the potential to be one of the key companies in the up and coming PC industry, had it understood the game-changing value of the graphical user interface.
  • Apple agreed to license parts of the Mac OS GUI to Microsoft, which went on to develop Windows. Upon the release of Windows 2.0, Apple sued Microsoft in 1988 over the "look and feel" of the Mac OS. Apple lost the lawsuit in 1994, leaving Microsoft dominant in the operating system business.
  • Steve Jobs had recruited Pepsi-Cola executive John Sculley to become CEO of Apple, saying to the latter "do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life or do you want to come with me and change the world?"
  • The Apple Macintosh pioneered many of the features now standard in the PC, particularly ease of use. However, the Macintosh was considerably more expensive, so it was rapidly overtaken by the IBM PC, with some pundits not only saying that IBM had won, but also that Apple could potentially go out of business.
  • Chris Espinosa described Sculley's ouster of Jobs, saying "The grandiose plans of what Macintosh was going to be were just so far out of whack with the truth of what the product was doing. And the truth of what the product was doing was not horrible, it was salvageable. But the gap between the two was just so unthinkable that somebody had to do something, and that somebody was John Sculley".

Video release

The series was released in VHS format soon after airing, but is now out of print. A release on DVD, by Ambrose Video in 2002, was noted by product reviewers on Amazon.com to have numerous small, but not insignificant, segments excised from the program as originally aired, for reasons that remain unknown. The older, unedited VHS copies of the documentary are difficult to find.^{[citation needed]}

Sequel

In 1998, two years prior to the dot-com bubble burst of Silicon Valley, Cringely hosted a sequel, Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet. It was also broadcast on PBS and documented the development of the ARPANET, the Internet, the World Wide Web and the Dot-com boom of the mid and late 1990s.

See also

• History of computing hardware (1960s-present)
• Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market
• Pirates of Silicon Valley

References

External links

• Triumph of the Nerds at PBS.org
• Triumph of the Nerds at the Internet Movie Database
• In Search of the Valley A 2006 documentary on Silicon Valley featuring many of those also featured in "Triumph of the Nerds"'