The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Włocławek, Poland.
Middle Ages edit
- 1340 – Bishop Maciej of Gołańcz laid the foundation stone of the new Gothic Włocławek Cathedral.[6]
- 1411 – Włocławek Cathedral consecrated by Bishop Jan Kropidło.[6]
- 1480s – Nicolaus Copernicus possibly attended the local cathedral school.
16th to 18th centuries edit
- 1538 – Gothic Saint John the Baptist church consecrated.
- 1569 – August 16: Bishop Stanisław Karnkowski founded a theological seminary in Włocławek, one of the oldest seminaries in Poland.[7][8]
- 1587 – Sigismund III Vasa visited Włocławek on the way to his royal coronation in Kraków.[9]
- 1593 – Visit of King Sigismund III Vasa.[9]
- 1625 – Reformed Franciscans brought to Włocławek by Bishop Andrzej Lipski.[10]
- 1644 – Baroque Reformed Franciscan church consecrated by Bishop Piotr Mieszkowski.[11][10]
- 1790 – Stay of Tadeusz Kościuszko in Włocławek.[12]
- 1793 – City annexed by Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland.
- 1794 – Kościuszko Uprising: Dionizy Mniewski sank Prussian ships with ammunition headed for besieged Warsaw.[12]
- 1797 – Salt granaries built.[12]
19th century edit
- 1806 – City captured by the French.[13]
- 1807 – Włocławek becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.
- 1815 – Włocławek passes to the Russian Partition of Poland.
- 1832 – Bojańczyk's Brewery founded.
- 1840 – Nadbrzeżna Street (present-day Marshal Józef Piłsudski Boulevards) outlined.
- 1854 – Synagogue built.[14]
- 1862 – Włocławek railway station opened.
- 1863 – 8 November: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the January Uprising.[15]
- 1864 – 17 February: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the January Uprising.[16]
- 1870 – Henryk Sienkiewicz Park founded.
- 1873 – Faience factory established.
- 1886 – Włocławek Rowing Society founded.
20th century edit
- 1901 – Diocesan Museum founded.[17]
- 1907 – Kronika Diecezji Kujawsko-Kaliskiej begins publishing.
- 1908 – Museum of Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land founded.
- 1909 – Oldest Polish theological journal Ateneum Kapłańskie began publishing.[7]
- 1911 – Building of the former Gdańsk Bank in Włocławek built.
- 1914
- 5 August: World War I: Germans occupy the city.[18]
- 23 August: Russians re-occupy the city.
- 21 September: Germans re-occupy the city.[19]
- 8 November: Russians re-occupy the city.
- 12 November: Germans re-occupy the city.[20]
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- 1918 – Poland regained independence and the Poles disarmed the Germans and liberated the city.[21]
- 1920 – 13–19 August: Successful Polish defense against the invading Russians during the Polish–Soviet War.
- 1927 – City limits greatly expanded by including several settlements as new districts, including Kapitułka, Krzywe Błoto, Lisek, Łęg, Słodowo, Świech and Zazamcze.[22]
- 1937 – Edward Śmigły-Rydz Bridge built.
- 1939
- September: Beginning of German occupation during World War II.
- 9 September: German invaders committed a massacre of a group of local Jews.[23]
- October-November: Einsatzgruppe III carried out mass arrests of local Poles, including teachers, priests, lecturers and students of the seminary and Auxiliary Bishop of Włocławek Michał Kozal, during the genocidal Intelligenzaktion campaign.[7][24][25]
- 29 October: Włocławek became the first city in which the Germans imposed yellow badges on the Jews.[26]
- November-December: SS and Selbstschutz burnt down the Grzywno district and murdered many of its inhabitants in the nearby village of Warząchewka Polska.[25]
- Arrested Polish teachers, landowners and priests from the Włocławek and Lipno counties imprisoned in a local prison by the Germans, with some later deported to concentration camps and murdered.[27]
- Families of deported and murdered Poles, as well as the remaining residents of Grzywno were expelled to the so-called General Government in the more-eastern part of German-occupied Poland.[25]
- 1940
- January: The Germans carried out deportations of arrested priests to the Dachau concentration camp, where most were eventually killed.[7][24]
- June, September: The Germans carried out further expulsions of Poles, including owners of shops, workshops and bigger houses, which were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[28]
- Autumn: Jewish ghetto established by the occupiers.
- 1942 – April: Liquidation of the ghetto. surviving Jews deported by the Germans to the Chełmno extermination camp.
- 1945
- 1946 – Włocłavia Włocławek football club founded.
- 1952 – Kujawskie Zakłady Przemysłu Owocowo-Warzywnego Włocławek food company, manufacturer of the Włocławek ketchup, established.
- 1970 – Hydroelectric power plant in Włocławek opened.
- 1973
- Zarzeczewo Marina in Włocławek launched.
- Włocławek became a member of the Federation of Copernican Cities.[29]
- 1975
- Włocławek became capital of the newly formed Włocławek Voivodeship.
- Monument to Polish railwaymen murdered during World War II unveiled.
- 1984 – Assassination of Jerzy Popiełuszko.
- 1986 – Ethnographic Museum in Włocławek opened.
- 1990 – KK Włocławek basketball club founded.
- 1991 – Monument to Priest Jerzy Popiełuszko unveiled.
- 1999 – Włocławek became part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
21st century edit
- 2001 – Hala Mistrzów indoor arena opened.
- 2002 – State Academy of Applied Sciences in Włocławek founded.
- 2003 – Anwil Włocławek won its first Polish basketball championship.
- 2009 – Wzorcownia shopping centre opened.
- 2018 – Jan Długosz Monument unveiled.[30]
- 2022 – Silent Unseen Monument unveiled.[31]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e UMK 2016, pp. 9, 40.
- ^ a b UMK 2016, pp. 9, 41.
- ^ UMK 2016, p. 9.
- ^ UMK 2016, p. 19.
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 55.
- ^ a b Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 56.
- ^ a b c d e f Artur Niemira (12 October 2019). "450 lat temu powstało seminarium we Włocławku". eKAI.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 52.
- ^ a b Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 18.
- ^ a b Bernardeta Popek-Olszowa. "Zespół klasztorny Franciszkanów Reformatów". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ UMK 2016, pp. 19, 50.
- ^ a b c Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 21.
- ^ UMK 2016, pp. 19, 51.
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 51.
- ^ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 50.
- ^ Zieliński, p. 53
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 53.
- ^ UMK 2016, p. 20, 51.
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 29.
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 30.
- ^ Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna 1922, p. 34.
- ^ UMK 2016, pp. 29, 62.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 124.
- ^ a b Wardzyńska 2009, p. 209.
- ^ a b c Wardzyńska 2017, p. 176.
- ^ "Jewish Badge: During the Nazi Era". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2009, pp. 175–176.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2017, p. 226.
- ^ "Włocławek". Szlak Kopernikowski (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Wojciech Alabrudziński (4 October 2018). "We Włocławku przed Zespołem Szkół Katolickich odsłonięto pomnik ks. Jana Długosza [zdjęcia]". Gazeta Pomorska (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Włocławek: Odsłonięcie Pomnika Cichociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej". nwloclawek.pl (in Polish). 10 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
Bibliography edit
- Przewodnik ilustrowany po Włocławku (in Polish). Włocławek: Księgarnia Powszechna i Drukarnia Diecezjalna we Włocławku. 1922.
- Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN.
- Atlas historyczny miast polskich. Tom II: Kujawy. Zeszyt 4: Włocławek (in Polish). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. 2016. ISBN 978-83-231-3551-7.
- Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.