The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. Syracuse was the main city of Sicily from 5th century BCE to 878 CE.
Prior to 17th century edit
- 8th C. BCE – Settlement established by Corinthian Greeks.[1](it)
- 663 BCE - Founded the settlement of Akrai.[2]
- 643 BCE - Founded the settlement of Casmenae.[2]
- 6th C. BCE – Greek Theatre of Syracuse built.[3]
- 598 BCE - Founded the settlement of Kamarina.[2]
- 498–491 BCE - Hippocrates of Gela threatened the independence of Syracuse.[2]
- 491–478 BCE - Gelon is tyrant of Syracuse.
- 480 BCE - Gelon defeats Carthage at the Battle of Himera.
- 415–413 BCE – Syracuse besieged by Greek forces.[1][2]
- 397 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)
- 343 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (343 BC)
- 311-309 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (311–309 BC)
- 287 BCE – Birth of mathematician Archimedes (approximate date).
- 278 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (278 BC)
- 214 BCE – Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC) by Roman forces.[1]
- 44 BCE – People of Syracuse (and Sicily) gain Roman citizenship.[4]
- 2nd–4th C. CE – Roman Catholic diocese of Siracusa established.[5]
- 3rd C. CE – Death of bishop Marciano di Siracusa.[4]
- 278–280 CE – Syracuse sacked by Franks.[6]
- 304 – Death of Christian St. Lucia Of Syracuse during the Diocletianic Persecution.
- 535 – Syracuse taken by Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire.[1]
- 668 – 15 September: Assassination of Byzantine emperor Constans II.[7]
- 827-828 - Siege of Syracuse (827–828).
- 877–878 – Siege of Syracuse (877–878) by Aghlabid forces.[2]
- 1088 – Syracuse besieged by forces of Roger I of Sicily.[8]
- 1140 – Earthquake.[9](it)
- 1239 – Castello Maniace built.[10][2]
- 1397 – Palazzo Montalto built on Ortygia island.[2]
- 1448 – Unrest.[6]
- 1542 – Earthquake.[8](it)
17th–19th centuries edit
- 1608 – Caravaggio paints "Burial of St. Lucy" in the Chiesa di Santa Lucia alla Badia.
- 1633 – Palazzo del Vermexio built.
- 1673 – Porta Ligny (gate) built.[citation needed]
- 1693 – 1693 Sicily earthquake.[8]
- 1710 – 9 November: Naval Battle of Syracuse (1710) fought near city during the War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1753 – Cathedral of Syracuse built.
- 1757 – Earthquake.[9][8]
- 1779 – Palazzo Beneventano del Bosco rebuilt.
- 1790 – Maritime navigation school established.[citation needed]
- 1847 - Fountain of Arethusa remodelled into current form[11]
- 1854 – Archbishop's Palace built.
- 1860 – 1 August: Forces of Garabaldi arrive in city.[citation needed]
- 1861 – Population: 19,590.[6]
- 1862 – Syracuse Chamber of Commerce established.[12]
- 1865 – Province of Syracuse created.
- 1867 – Biblioteca comunale (library) founded.[13]
- 1870 – Gazzetta di Siracusa newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1871
- Siracusa railway station opens.
- Ferrovia Messina-Siracusa (railway) begins operating.
- 1880 – Tamburo newspaper begins publication.[15]
- 1881 - Population: 21,739.[2]
- 1886
- Siracusa–Gela–Canicattì railway (railway) begins operating.
- Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Siracusa (museum) opens.
- 1892 – Stazione di Siracusa Marittima (train station) opens at the Port of Syracuse.
- 1897
- Teatro Comunale (Syracuse) (theatre) opens.[16]
- Population: 25,740.[17]
20th century edit
- 1907 – Fontana di Diana (fountain) installed in Piazza Archimede.
- 1911 – Population: 40,835.[18]
- 1915 – Ferrovia Siracusa-Solarino (railway) begins operating.
- 1920 – Giornale di Siracusa newspaper in publication.[19]
- 1924
- 13 August: Benito Mussolini visits city.
- A.S. Siracusa (football club) formed.
- 1928 – Strada statale 115 Sud Occidentale Sicula (Trapani-Syracuse roadway) opens.
- 1932 – Stadio Nicola De Simone (stadium) opens in Santa Lucia.
- 1934 – Palazzo delle Poste (post office) built.[16]
- 1938
- Stazione di Targia industrial railway station begins operating.
- Monumento ai Caduti italiani d'Africa construction begins at Piazza dei Cappuccini.
- 1941 – Bombing of Syracuse during World War II begins.(it)
- 1943: 9–10 July: City taken by British forces.
- 1948 – Bellomo Palace Regional Gallery opens.
- 1950 – Augusta-Priolo petrochemical complex begins operating near city.[citation needed]
- 1951 – Population: 66,090.(it)
- 1953
- Madonna delle Lacrime (weeping statue) allegedly occurs, according to tradition.[4]
- Syracuse Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery established near city.
- 1960
- Regata internazionale Siracusa-Malta (race) begins.[20]
- Syracuse Aquarium opens (approximate date).
- 1961 – Population: 83,205.(it)
- 1963 – Archivio di Stato di Siracusa (state archives) active.[21]
- 1990 – 13 December: 1990 Carlentini earthquake occurs.
- 1991 – Population: 125,941.(it)
- 1994 – Santuario della Madonna delle Lacrime (Syracuse) built.
- 1996 – U.S. Siracusa (football club) active.
- 1999
- Compagnia dei pupari Vaccaro-Mauceri (puppet theatre) established.
- Giambattista Bufardeci becomes mayor.
21st century edit
- 2005 – Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 2008 – Roberto Visentin becomes mayor.
- 2009
- April: G8 Ambiente meeting of environmental leaders held in city.[22]
- Pista ciclabile Rossana Maiorca (bike path) opens.[chronology citation needed]
- 2013
- June: Italian local elections, 2013 held.
- 20 September: 400+ refugees of the Syrian Civil War arrive at port of Syracuse.[23]
- Giancarlo Garozzo becomes mayor.[24]
- Siracusa Calcio football club active.
- Population: 118,644.[25]
- 2015 – Regional Libero consorzio comunale di Siracusa created (replacing Province of Syracuse).
See also edit
- Syracuse history
- History of Syracuse, Sicily
- Ancient Syracuse
- Origins of Syracuse (in Italian)
- History of Syracuse: Greek period (in Italian)
- History of Syracuse: medieval period (in Italian)
- History of Syracuse: modern period (circa 16th-19th centuries; in Italian)
- History of Syracuse: fascist period (in Italian)
- History of Syracuse: contemporary period (in Italian)
- List of mayors of Syracuse, Sicily
- List of bishops of Syracuse
- History of Sicily
- Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Insular Italy:(it)
- Sardinia: Timeline of Cagliari
- Sicily: Timeline of Catania, Messina, Palermo, Trapani
References edit
- ^ a b c d Domenico 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ a b c Kininmonth 1965.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ a b c Treccani 1936.
- ^ Ring 1996.
- ^ a b c d Haydn 1910.
- ^ a b Mario Baratta [in Italian] (1901). I terremoti d'Italia [Earthquakes in Italy] (in Italian). Turin: Fratelli Bocca. (includes chronology)
- ^ "Syracuse". Oxford Art Online.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help) Retrieved 25 June 2017 - ^ Cord, David (2023). The Spring of Arethusa. p. 98-100.
- ^ "Profilo storico istituzionale" (in Italian). Camera di Commercio di Siracusa. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
- ^ "(Comune: Siracusa)". Anagrafe delle biblioteche italiane (Registry of Italian Libraries) (in Italian). Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ Bernardini 1890.
- ^ "Giornali e giornalisti", Almanacco Italiano (in Italian), Florence: R. Bemporad & figlio, 1896, pp. 431+
- ^ a b Touring Club Italiano 1999.
- ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
- ^ "OPAC SBN" (in Italian). Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
- ^ "Sabato parte la Malta-Siracusa", La Stampa (in Italian), 10 July 2008
- ^ "Storia dell'Istituto". Archivio di Stato di Siracusa (in Italian). Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ G8 and poor nations vow to tackle species loss, Reuters, 24 April 2009
- ^ More than 400 Syrian refugees reach Italy by sea, one dies, Reuters, 21 September 2013
- ^ "Il sindaco Giancarlo Garozzo al 38° posto in Italia", Siracusa Live (in Italian), 11 January 2016
- ^ "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Syracusae". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur.
- George Henry Townsend; Frederick Martin (1877), "Syracuse", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
- "Syracuse". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/njp.32101065312959.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Syracuse", Southern Italy and Sicily (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1908 (+ 1867 ed.)
- Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen (1908). "Syracuse History (timeline)". Sicily, the New Winter Resort: An Encyclopaedia of Sicily (2nd ed.). Methuen.
- Freeman, Edward Augustus; Ashby, Thomas (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 296–302.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Syracuse", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
- Herbermann, Charles George (1912). "Syracuse". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Christopher Kininmonth (1965). "Syracuse". Travellers' Guide to Sicily. Jonathan Cape. pp. 172–208 – via Open Library.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Syracuse". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 674+. ISBN 9781134259656. OCLC 31045650.
- Roy Domenico (2002). "Sicily: Syracuse". Regions of Italy: a Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood. pp. 291+. ISBN 0313307334.
- Christopher Kleinhenz, ed. (2004). "Syracuse". Medieval Italy: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 0415939291.
- Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Syracuse". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
in Italian edit
- "Siracusa". Guida generale di Sicilia e Malta: storica, artistica, commerciale (in Italian) (3rd ed.). Catania: Niccolò Giannotta. 1889. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t0zp6s27f. (+ via Internet Archive)
- Nicola Bernardini, ed. (1890). "Provincia di Siracusa". Guida della stampa periodica italiana (in Italian). Lecce: R. Tipografia editrice salentina dei fratelli Spacciante. hdl:2027/njp.32101074983378.
- "Siracusa". Sicilia. Guida d'Italia (in Italian). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1919. p. 349+. hdl:2027/uc1.$b535988.
- "Siracusa", Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian), 1936
- M. Guido (1960). Siracusa: Guida storico pratica ai suoi principali monumenti ed ai luoghi d'interesse (in Italian).
- T. Carpinteri (1983). Siracusa, città fortificata (in Italian).
- Siracusa e provincia (in Italian). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1999. ISBN 978-88-365-1253-9.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Syracuse.
- "Archivio Storico Comunale". Città di Siracusa (in Italian). Comune di Siracusa. 10 March 2023. (city archives)
- Items related to Syracuse, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Syracuse, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
Images edit
-
Porta Ligny, built 1673, demolished 1893 -
Stazione Siracusa Marittima, opened in 1892 -
Teatro Communale, opened in 1897 -
Post Office, built 1935 (photo 2006) -
Augusta-Priolo industrial complex near city, est. circa 1950 (photo 2015)
