Tetraethylammonium hydroxide

Tetraethylammonium hydroxide
Names
	IUPAC name Tetraethylazanium hydroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	77-98-5;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	6263;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.977
EC Number	201-073-3;
PubChem CID	6509;
UNII	RA8VU41B1F;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30883222 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H20N.H2O/c1-5-9(6-2,7-3)8-4;/h5-8H2,1-4H3;1H2/q+1;/p-1 Key: LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M;
	SMILES CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[OH-];
Properties
Chemical formula	C8H21NO
Molar mass	147.262 g·mol−1
Appearance	colorless solutions
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H314, H410
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P391, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Tetraethylammonium hydroxide is the organic compound with the formula (C₂H₅)₄NOH, abbreviated Et₄NOH. It is the tetraethylammonium salt of hydroxide. It is used and dispensed as solutions in water or alcohols, which are colorless and highly alkaline. The compound is a common reagent in organic synthesis. It is also employed in the preparation of zeolites.^[1]

Structure edit

Structure of Et₄NOH^.4H₂O.^[2]

Tetraethylammonium hydroxide is most commonly encountered as an aqueous solution. Several hydrates NEt₄OH·xH₂O. have been crystallized, including x = 4, 5, 9. These salts feature well separated Et₄N⁺ cations and hydroxide anions. The hydroxide groups are linked by hydrogen bonds to the water of crystallization. Anhydrous Tetraethylammonium hydroxide has not been isolated.

Synthesis and reactions edit

It is prepared from tetraethylammonium bromide by salt metathesis, using a hydroxide-loaded ion exchange column or by the action of silver oxide.^[3] Attempted isolation of Et₄NOH induces Hofmann elimination, leading to triethylamine and ethylene.

Treatment of Et₄NOH with a wide range of acids gives water and the other tetraethylammonium salts:

{\ce {Et4NOH + HX -> Et4NX + H2O}}

References edit

^ Matsukata, Masahiko; Ogura, Masaru; Osaki, Takayuki; Hari Prasad Rao, Poladi Raja; Nomura, Mikihiro; Kikuchi, Eiichi (1999). "Conversion of dry gel to microporous crystals in gas phase". Topics in Catalysis. 9: 77–92. doi:10.1023/A:1019106421183. S2CID 92539225.
^ Wiebcke, Michael; Felsche, Jürgen (2000). "NEt₄OH·₄H₂O Xontaining Infinite Hydroxide–Water Ribbons". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 56 (7): 901–902. doi:10.1107/S0108270100005886. PMID 10935124.
^ Pelletier, Guillaume (2013). "Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn01547. ISBN 978-0471936237.

[1] Matsukata, Masahiko; Ogura, Masaru; Osaki, Takayuki; Hari Prasad Rao, Poladi Raja; Nomura, Mikihiro; Kikuchi, Eiichi (1999). "Conversion of dry gel to microporous crystals in gas phase". Topics in Catalysis. 9: 77–92. doi:10.1023/A:1019106421183. S2CID 92539225.

[2] Wiebcke, Michael; Felsche, Jürgen (2000). "NEt₄OH·₄H₂O Xontaining Infinite Hydroxide–Water Ribbons". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 56 (7): 901–902. doi:10.1107/S0108270100005886. PMID 10935124.

[3] Pelletier, Guillaume (2013). "Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn01547. ISBN 978-0471936237.

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