Events
AD 1
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
Asia edit
- Confucius is given his first royal title (posthumous name) of Baocheng Xuan Ni Gong.[2][3]
By topic edit
Religion edit
- Birth of Jesus, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar.[4][5] However, most scholars think that Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in the previous year, 1 BC.[4][5] Furthermore, most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius' calculations authoritative, placing the event several years earlier (see Chronology of Jesus).[6]
AD 2
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
- Following the death of Lucius Caesar, Augustus allows his stepson Tiberius back into Rome as a private citizen, after six years of enforced retirement on Rhodes.[7]
- Gaius Caesar meets with Phraates V, the king of Parthia, on the Euphrates. Rather than invade the Parthians, Gaius Caesar concludes peace with them; Parthia recognizes Roman claims to Armenia.[8]
Africa edit
- Juba II of Mauretania joins Gaius Caesar in Armenia as a military advisor. It is during this period that he meets Glaphyra, a Cappadocian princess and the former wife of Alexandros of Judea, a brother of Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea, and becomes enamoured with her.[9]
China edit
- Wang Mang begins a program of personal aggrandizement, restoring marquess titles to past imperial princes and introducing a pension system for retired officials. Restrictions are placed on the Emperor's mother, Consort Wei and members of the Wei Clan.[8]
- The first census is concluded in China after having begun the year before: final numbers show a population of nearly 60 million (59,594,978 people in slightly more than 12 million households). The census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history.[8]
AD 3
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
China edit
- Wang Mang foils a plot by his son, Wang Yu, his brother-in-law, Lu Kuan, and the Wei clan to oust him from the regent's position. Wang Yu and Lu Kuan are killed in the purge that follows.[11]
AD 4
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
- Emperor Augustus summons Tiberius to Rome, and names him his heir and future emperor. At the same time, Agrippa Postumus, the last son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, is also adopted and named as Augustus' heir.
- Tiberius also adopts Germanicus as his own heir.
- The Lex Aelia Sentia regulates the manumission of slaves.
- A pact of non-aggression and friendship is signed between the Roman Empire, represented by Tiberius, and the German tribe the Cherusci, represented by their King Segimer. Arminius and Flavus, sons of Segimer, are brought into the Roman army as leaders of the auxiliary troops.
- Julia the Elder returns from exile to live in Rhegium in disgrace.
- Livilla marries Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Tiberius.
Middle East edit
- King Phraataces and Queen Musa of Parthia are overthrown and killed, the crown being offered to Orodes III of Parthia—the beginning of the interregnum.
Korea edit
- Namhae Chachaung succeeds Bak Hyeokgeose as king of the Korean kingdom of Silla (traditional date).
China edit
- Emperor Ping of Han marries Empress Wang (Ping), daughter of Wang Mang, cementing his influence.
- Wang Mang is given the title "superior duke".[12]
By topic edit
Arts and sciences edit
- Nicolaus of Damascus writes the 15-volume History of the World.
AD 5
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
- Rome acknowledges Cunobelinus, king of the Catuvellauni, as king of Britain.
- The Germanic tribes of Cimbri and Charydes send ambassadors to Rome.
- Tiberius conquers Germania Inferior.
- Agrippina the Elder marries Germanicus, her second cousin.
AD 6
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
- Due to a catastrophic fire in Rome, the barracks system - the vigiles, initially manned only by freedmen - is created by the Princeps Augustus to allow quicker response to outbreaks of fire in the city.[13]
- Due to a food shortage in Rome, Augustus doubles the grain rations distributed to the people, sends away his slave retinue, and places the senate in recess indefinitely.[14]
- The Princeps Augustus sets up a treasury, the aerarium militare (170 million sestertii), with the specific purpose of paying bonuses to retiring legion veterans. This is financed by a 5% tax on inheritances, a system said to have been suggested in Julius Caesar's memoirs.[15]
- The Temple of Castor and Pollux is rededicated in Rome to Tiberius.
- A pamphletting campaign in Rome is quashed by the Princeps Augustus. Publius Plautius Rufus is accused but found innocent of the crime.[16]
- Princeps Augustus banishes Agrippa Postumus, one of his adopted sons, to the island of Planasia.
- Tiberius makes Carnuntum his base of operations against Maroboduus; The Roman legion XX Valeria Victrix fight with Tiberius against the Marcomanni.[17]
- The building of a Roman fort signifies the origin of the city of Wiesbaden.
- The Illyrian tribes in Dalmatia and Pannonia revolt and begin the Bellum Batonianum or Great Illyrian Revolt.[17][18]
- Troops are levied in Rome to send to Illyricum from freedmen and slaves freed specifically for the purpose.[18]
- Tiberius marches back from the northern border to Illyricum to commence operations against the Illyrians.[19][20]
- Gaius Caecina Severus is made governor of Moesia, and is heavily involved in the first battles of the Bellum Batonianum or Great Illyrian Revolt.[21][22]
- Marcus Plautius Silvanus is made governor of Galatia and Pamphylia and suppresses an uprising of the Isaurians in Pamphylia.[23]
- Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, is deposed and banished to Vienne in Gaul.[16]
- Iudaea and Moesia become Roman provinces.
- Quirinius conducts a census in Judea (according to Josephus), which results in a revolt in the province, led by Judas of Galilee, and supported by the Pharisee Zadok. The revolt is repressed, and the rebels are crucified, but it results in the birth of the Zealot movement, the members of which regard the God of Judaism as their only master.
China edit
- January – Some Chinese fear for the life of the young, ailing Emperor Ping Di as the planet Mars disappears behind the moon this month.[24]
- February 3 – The boy emperor, Ping Di, dies of unexpected causes at age 14; Wang Mang alone selects the new emperor, Ruzi Ying, age 2,[24] starting the Jushe era of the Han dynasty.
- Candidates for government office must take civil-service examinations.
- The imperial Liu clan suspects the intentions of Wang Mang and foment agrarian rebellions during the course of Ruzi Ying's reign. The first of these is led by Liu Chong, Marquess of Ang-Zong (a/k/a Marquis of An-chung), with a small force starting in May or June.[24]
AD 7
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
- Illyrian tribes in Pannonia and Dalmatia continue the Great Illyrian Revolt against Roman rule.[25]
- Publius Quinctilius Varus is appointed governor of Germania, charged with organizing Germania between the Rhine and Elbe rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which creates dissension among the Germanic tribes.
- Abgarus of Edessa is deposed as king of Osroene.
- Construction of the Temple of Concord begins.
China edit
- Zhai Yi, Governor of the Commandery of Dong (modern Puyang, Henan) declares Liu Zin, Marquess of Yang Xiang (modern Tai'an, Shandong), emperor. This proves to be the largest of the rebellions against Emperor Ruzi of Han.
- Wang Mang puts down the rebellion during the winter. Zhai is captured and executed while Liu Xin escapes.
Persia edit
- Vonones I becomes ruler of the Parthian Empire (approximate date).
Africa edit
- The epoch of the Ethiopian calendar begins.
AD 8
==== By place ====
Roman Empire edit
- August 3 – Roman general Tiberius defeats the Illyrians in Dalmatia on the River Bathinus, but the Great Illyrian Revolt continues.
- Vipsania Julia is exiled. Lucius Aemilius Paullus and his family are disgraced. Augustus breaks off the engagement of Claudius to Paullus' daughter Aemilia Lepida. An effort is made to betroth Claudius to Livia Medullina Camilla.
- Roman poet Ovid is banished from Rome and exiled to the Black Sea near Tomis (modern-day Constanța).
Europe edit
- Tincomarus, deposed king of the Atrebates, flees Britain for Rome; Eppillus becomes king.
Persia edit
- Vonones I becomes king (shah) of the Parthian Empire.
Judea edit
- Finding in the Temple: Jesus is found in the Temple of Jerusalem reasoning with the learned men of Judea.[26]
China edit
- Start of Chushi era of the Chinese Han dynasty.
- Wang Mang crushes a rebellion by Chai I, and on the winter solstice (which has been dated January 10 of the following year) officially assumes the title emperor, establishing the short-lived Xin dynasty.[24]
By topic edit
Arts edit
- After completing Metamorphoses, Ovid begins the Fasti (Festivals), 6 books that detail the first 6 months of the year and provide valuable insights into the Roman calendar.
AD 9
==== By place ====
China edit
- January 10 – Wang Mang founds the short-lived Xin dynasty in China (until AD 25). Wang Mang names his wife, Wang, empress and his son, Wang Lin Crown Prince, heir to the throne.
- Empress Wang is given the title of Duchess Dowager of Ding'an, while Ruzi Ying, the former Emperor of Han, becomes the Duke of Ding'an. Ruzi Ying is placed under house arrest.
Roman Empire edit
- c. September 9 – Battle of the Teutoburg Forest: Legio XVII, XVIII and XIX are lured by Arminius into an ambush and defeated by his tribe, the Cherusci, and their Germanic allies. The Roman aquilae are lost and the Roman general and governor Publius Quinctilius Varus dies by suicide. Legio II Augusta, XX Valeria Victrix, and XIII Gemina move to Germany to replace the lost legions.
- The Bellum Batonianum (Great Illyrian Revolt) in Dalmatia is suppressed.
- First record of the subdivision of the province of Illyricum into lower (Pannonia) and upper (Dalmatia) regions.
- In order to increase the number of marriages, and ultimately the population, the Lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Italy. This law prohibits celibacy and childless relationships.
- Roman finances become strained following the Danubian insurrection and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, resulting in the levying of two new taxes: five percent on inheritances, and one percent on sales.
- Cunobeline is first recorded to be king of the Catuvellauni at Camulodunum (modern-day Colchester) in Britain.
By topic edit
Literature edit
 | This is the template sandbox page for Template:Events by year for decade (diff). See also the companion subpage for test cases. |
 | This template uses Lua: |
Usage edit
- See also: {{Births and deaths by year for decade}}
References
- ^ Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, Book II. p 271.
- ^ Thomas A. Wilson (2003), in Xinzhong Yao (Ed.), RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism, "Baocheng Xuan Ni Gong", p. 26.
- ^ Book of Han, 12.351
- ^ a b Declercq 2000.
- ^ a b Declercq 2002.
- ^ Dunn 2003.
- ^ "Cassius Dio - Book 55". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ a b c Klingaman, William K. (1991). The first century : emperors, gods and everyman. Internet Archive. London : Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-12887-9.
- ^ Roller, Duane W (2003). The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene. New York: Routledge.
- ^ "Augustus". HISTORY. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
- ^ "Wang Mang | emperor of Xin dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
- ^ Klingaman 1990, p. 64.
- ^ Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 26.
- ^ Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 26-27.
- ^ Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 25.
- ^ a b Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 27.
- ^ a b Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 29.
- ^ a b Velleius Paterculus, Book 2, Ch 110.
- ^ Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 30.
- ^ Velleius Paterculus, Book 2, Ch 111.
- ^ Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 25-30.
- ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Tiberius, ch 9 & ch 16.
- ^ Cassius Dio, The Roman Histories, Book 55, ch 28.
- ^ a b c d Klingaman 1990.
- ^ Radman-Livaja, I., Dizda, M., Archaeological Traces of the Pannonian Revolt 6–9 AD: Evidence and Conjectures, Veröffentlichungen der Altertumskommiion für Westfalen Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, Band XVIII, p. 49
- ^ Luke 2.