The Steps To War explanation is a theory of international relations based on the issue paradigm that empirically establishes the war-proneness of territorial issues and the use of power politics practices.[1][2] The framework is established by Paul D. Senese and John A. Vasquez in the 2008 book The Steps to War: An Empirical Study, though many of key insights, such as the role of alliances, arms races, and territory in promoting escalation of disputes to war, have been elaborated in previous works.[3][4] The Steps To War explanation makes two major contributions to the war literature. First, it shows that not all disputes are equally likely to escalate to war. In particular, it presents a theoretical and empirical case for the war-proneness of territorial disputes Second, the theory demonstrates that the very power politics practices that political realists claim prevent war increase its probability of occurring.
Theory edit
The Steps To War framework posits an underlying and proximate cause of war. The chief underlying cause of war is the existence of a territorial dispute. Disputes over territory are less likely to be resolved than disputes over other issues, and given their salient and transcendental nature, can be expected to create hardline interest groups and recurrent conflict.[5] The proximate cause of war is the use of power politics, such as alliances and arms races, that leaders are told to use by the dominant realist folklore. By handling issues in this manner, states increase threat perception and hostility on the other, furthering entrenching hardliners and therefore reducing the probability of a compromise.[6]
References edit
- ^ Owsiak, Andrew P. (2017-07-27). "The Steps to War: Theory and Evidence". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.275. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ^ Senese, Paul D.; Vasquez, John A. (2005). "Assessing the Steps to War". British Journal of Political Science. 35 (4): 607–633. doi:10.1017/S0007123405000323. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 4092414. S2CID 153934751.
- ^ Vasquez 1983
- ^ Gibler 1997
- ^ Senese and Vasquez, p.13
- ^ Senese and Vasquez, p.31
Works cited edit
- Gibler, Douglas M. (1997). "Control the issues, control the conflict: The effects of alliances that settle territorial issues on interstate rivalries". International Interactions. 22 (4): 341–368. doi:10.1080/03050629708434897.
- Senese, Paul D.; Vasquez, John A. (2008). The Steps To War: An Empirical Study. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13892-3.
- Vasquez, John A. (1983). The Power of Power Politics: A Critique. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-0919-8.