The St Michael's Mount Tramway runs from near the harbour up to the castle which dominates the tidal island of St Michael's Mount, in Cornwall, England. The tramway is sometimes referred to as the Dreckly Express.[2][3]
| St Michael's Mount Tramway | |
|---|---|
| Operation | |
| Locale | St Michael's Mount, Cornwall, England |
| Open | about 1900 |
| Status | Open (private)[1] |
| Infrastructure | |
| Propulsion system(s) | Wire rope, powered by electric motor |
| Statistics | |
| Track length (single) | 210 yards (190 m) |
| Route length | 210 yards (190 m) |
Purposes edit
The tramway was developed around 1900 by the castle's owner – Lord St Levan – to haul supplies ranging from building materials to groceries up to the castle and dustbins downhill. A notable traffic was Lord St Levan's regalia for the Coronation in 1953. It has never operated a passenger service, though one was contemplated in the late 1930s.[4]
The route edit
The single track tramway originally ran from the quayside, but some years ago it was cut back to start from a short, level, enclosed loading area. At the castle end of this loading area the line plunges into a tunnel and begins its ascent which is entirely in tunnel. Most of the tunnel was built using the cut and cover method, with just the uppermost few yards being bored through granite. The tunnel is generally about 5 feet (1.5 m) wide and 7 feet (2.1 m) high, except for the section through granite which is about 6 feet (1.8 m) high.
The line is level only at the loading areas at its ends. In between it runs on slopes ranging from 1 in 14 (7.14 %) near the foot to 1 in 1.9 (52.6%) for the last 40 yards (37 m), giving a total rise of 173 feet (53 m), emerging near the castle's kitchens.
Haulage edit
The line's varying slopes and the curve near its foot makes the wire haulage rope more prone to thrashing[5] than most rope-worked lines, where gravity usually holds the rope in rollers. It receives its greatest wear nearest the tram, so by buying a rope deliberately longer than necessary it is possible to cut the worn end off three times before needing to replace the whole rope. Until the mid-1920s a gas engine provided the motive power. A Ruston petrol engine was then installed to provide electricity to the castle, enabling rechargeable batteries to be installed to power the tramway. In 1951 the island was connected to the National Grid, since when the rope has been powered by a 12 horsepower (8.9 kW) AC motor. In 2018 the cable was reported to be wound by a Crompton Parkinson electric motor.[6]
The trams edit
Several trams have been used over the years. That used in 1964 was built locally. It had a metal frame with a wooden floor lined with galvanised sheeting and wooden side planking, some of which could be lifted out by hand to make loading and unloading easier. The wheels were loose on their axles, which themselves were able to rotate. At that time four or five runs were made in a typical day, with considerable increases if building work was taking place when, for example, granite blocks and 20-foot (6.1 m) scaffolding poles have been carried. The current tram has the general appearance of a trunk on wheels.[7]
Gauge edit
Most details of this short line are uncontentious, but the line's gauge, which has not changed since it was built, is variously reported on line and in the literature as:
- 2 ft 5 in (737 mm)[8] on an information board near the line in 2018.[9]
- 2 ft 5+1⁄2 in (750 mm) in The Railway Magazine[4]
- 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm)[10][11] in St Michael's Mount
Modern times edit
In 2018, the tramway was reported as being "still in regular use, perhaps not every day".[6] However, the National Trust, which acts as the island's custodian, is said to "prohibit visitors from seeing it", though it is mentioned in the Trust's publicity.[12] The only part readily accessible to the public is the disused last few feet, ending at the harbourside wall,[13] in which a pair of wooden buffer stops is embedded.[14]
References edit
- ^ "Tramway in use in 2016". Cornwall Life. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
- ^ "Received use of "Dreckly Express" in 2016". Newlyn Archive. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016.
- ^ "Received use of "Dreckly Express" in 2016". Cornwall Live.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Semmens 1964, p. 585.
- ^ "as in move like a flail". Wiktionary.
- ^ a b Sunders 2018, p. 313.
- ^ "Images of the current tram". Photofile Cornwall.
- ^ Dart 2005.
- ^ Sunders 2018, p. 31.
- ^ "St Michael's Mount Cliff Railway". Hows.
- ^ "St Michaels Mount, Cornish Cliff Railway". Hows Website. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
- ^ "Village and Harbour". St Michael's Mount. National Trust. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
- ^ Bishop 2019, p. 9.
- ^ "St Michael's Mount Cliff Railway". Hows.
Sources edit
- Bishop, John (November 2019). Bennett, Paul (ed.). "The National Trust (Visit report)". Narrow Gauge News. No. 355. Peterborough: Narrow Gauge Railway Society.
- Dart, Maurice (2005). Cornwall Narrow Gauge including the Camborne & Redruth tramway. Midhurst: Middleton Press. ISBN 978-1-904474-56-2.
- Semmens, Peter W. C. (July 1964). Cooke, B.W.C. (ed.). "St Michael's Mount Tramway". The Railway Magazine. 110 (759). London: Tothill Press Limited. ISSN 0033-8923.
- Sunders, Charlie (September 2018). Bennett, Paul (ed.). "Drecky Express (Visit report)". Narrow Gauge News. No. 348. Peterborough: Narrow Gauge Railway Society.
External links edit
- "The tunnel on an Edwardian 6" OS map". National Library of Scotland.
- "The tramway's harbour entrance". YouTube.
- "The tramway in a Pathe News item". YouTube.
- "The tramway in a film of a year on the island". YouTube.
- "UK Funicular Railways". Urban 75.
- "Day in the life on St Michael's Mount". Plymouth Herald.[dead link]