Wikipedia

List of space travellers by first flight

(Redirected from Space traveler)

"Space traveler" redirects here. For other uses, see Space traveler (disambiguation).

This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criterion of achieving an altitude higher than 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), thereby crossing the FAI-defined Kármán line. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. Personnel who qualify only for the United States Astronaut Badge, awarded to those who achieve an altitude of 50 mi (80 km; 264,000 ft), are listed at the X-15's highest flights and the VSS Unity test flights.

The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres in altitude – the two grey-shaded regions.

Space travellers edit

Table parameters edit

Legend
Italics Sub-orbital spaceflights that crossed 100 km (62 mi).
◉ After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight.
△ After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing.
▲ After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon.
‡ After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight.[nb 1]
† After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight.[nb 1]
⊗ After the name, denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was clearly intended[nb 2] to cross 100 km (62 mi), but failed to do so.
Linked country In the 'Nationality' column, denotes the first from that country to pass 100 km (62 mi).[nb 3]
Unlinked name Subsequent table entry for a space traveller who made or attempted a previous spaceflight.[nb 4]

All entries are dated from launch time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which on occasion is one day earlier than the local date of launches from sites in the Eastern Hemisphere such as Baikonur and one day later than the local date of launches from sites in the Western Hemisphere such as Cape Canaveral.

As a rule, dual nationals fly under a single flag when flying as professional spacecrew and/or when flying on government-operated spacecraft, and this is the flag they are listed under in the table. For the spaceflights of dual nationals who are private citizens flying on commercial spacecraft as ordinary passengers, the flags displayed are those of their countries of birth, unless the space traveller did not hold citizenship of that country and/or otherwise made clear (s)he intended to represent a different nationality.

Table edit

 
Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space and in orbit.
 
Alan Shepard, the first American and the second person in space.
 
Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman and 12th person in space.
 
Alexei Leonov, joint 17th in space and first to perform an EVA.
 
John Young, 19th person in space, first to fly solo around the Moon and first to command a Space Shuttle.
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
 
Neil Armstrong, joint 26th person in space and first to set foot on the Moon
 
Harrison Schmitt, joint 59th person in space. The most recent person and first geologist to have arrived on the Moon
 
Vladimír Remek, 88th person in space and the first from a country other than the US or the Soviet Union
 
Sigmund Jähn, 91st person in space and the first German
 
Phạm Tuân, 97th person in space, and the first from an Asian country (Vietnam)
 
Story Musgrave, joint 116th person in space and the only person to have flown on all five NASA Space Shuttles.
 
Sally Ride, joint 120th person and the first American woman in space
 
Guion Bluford, joint 125th person and the first African American in space
 
Bruce McCandless, joint 133rd person in space and the first to perform an untethered EVA
 
Rakesh Sharma, 139th person and the first Indian in space
 
Anna Lee Fisher, joint 155th person and the first mother in space
 
Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, joint 170th person, first royal, and first Saudi Arabian in space.
 
Rodolfo Neri Vela, joint 192nd and first Mexican in space
 
Muhammed Faris, joint 202nd and first Syrian in space
 
Anatoly Solovyev, joint 206th person in space and the person to have the most time in EVA, as of 2014
 
Sergei Krikalev, 210th person and the person to have spent the most total time in space, as of 2014
 
William Shepherd, joint 211th person in space and the first commander of the ISS
 
Toyohiro Akiyama, joint 239th person and the first journalist and the first Japanese in space on the first commercially organized spaceflight.
 
Helen Sharman, joint 249th and first British astronaut
 
Dirk Frimout, joint 268th and first Belgian to go into space
 
Franco Malerba, joint 277th and first Italian to go into space
 
Claude Nicollier, joint 277th and first Swiss to go into space
 
Mae Jemison, joint 280th person and first African American woman to go into space
 
Susan Helms, joint 286th person in space and first woman to serve on board the ISS
 
Yuri Malenchenko, joint 309th person in space and first to marry in space
 
Chiaki Mukai, joint 311th person and first Japanese woman in space
 
Yelena Kondakova, 318th person in space and first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight
 
Eileen Collins, the 322nd person in space, first female commander and first female pilot of a Space Shuttle
 
Koichi Wakata, joint 339th person in space and first Japanese commander of the ISS
 
Kalpana Chawla, joint 366th person, first Indian American astronaut and first Indian woman in space
 
Pedro Duque, 384th person in space and first Spanish national
 
Ivan Bella, 386th person and first Slovak in space
 
Scott Kelly, 391st person and first of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
 
Dennis Tito, the 404th person in space and the first space tourist
 
Mark Kelly, the 409th person in space, and the second of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
 
Mark Shuttleworth, 416th person in space and the first from an independent African country (South Africa)
 
Yang Liwei, the 432nd person in space and the first of the Chinese space program
 
Mike Melvill, the 435th person in space and the first commercial astronaut of a privately flown and funded spaceflight
 
Marcos Pontes, the 443th person and the first Brazilian in space
 
Anousheh Ansari, the 449th person in space, first female space tourist and the first Iranian in space
 
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, joint 464th person and the first person from Malaysia to go into space
 
Yi So-yeon, joint 475th person and the first Korean in space
 
Richard Garriott, 486th person in space and first spacefaring son of an earlier astronaut (Owen Garriott).
 
Guy Laliberté, joint 506th person in space and the first Canadian space tourist
 
Luca Parmitano, 532nd person in space and first Italian to be commander of an ISS expedition. He has been the youngest astronaut to undertake a long-duration mission. He is the first astronaut from Sicily
 
Samantha Cristoforetti, 541st person in space, who has performed the longest single spaceflight by a woman, as of 2015
 
Andreas Mogensen, joint 544th person and the first Dane in space
 
Aidyn Aimbetov, joint 544th person and the first solely Kazakh cosmonaut
 
Hazza Al Mansouri, joint 564th person and the first in space from the UAE
 
Jeff Bezos, joint 571st person and the founder of spaceflight company Blue Origin
 
Sian Proctor, joint 575th person and first female commercial astronaut spaceship pilot
 
Yulia Peresild, joint 579th person and the first professional actress to perform in space
 
Robert Hines, joint 608th person in space
 
Jessica Watkins, joint 608th person in space and first black woman to join a long-term mission to the International Space Station
# Name Nationality Date Flight Ref.
1 Yuri Gagarin   Soviet Union 12 April 1961 Vostok 1 [1][2][nb 5][nb 6]
2 Alan Shepard ◉▲   United States 5 May 1961 Freedom 7 [5][6]
3 Virgil Grissom ◉   United States 21 July 1961 Liberty Bell 7 [7][8]
4 Gherman Titov   Soviet Union 6 August 1961 Vostok 2 [9]
5 John Glenn   United States 20 February 1962 Friendship 7 [10][11]
6 Scott Carpenter   United States 24 May 1962 Aurora 7 [12]
7 Andriyan Nikolayev   Soviet Union 11 August 1962 Vostok 3 [13][14]
8 Pavel Popovich   Soviet Union 12 August 1962 Vostok 4 [13][15]
9 Walter Schirra   United States 3 October 1962 Sigma 7 [16]
10 Gordon Cooper   United States 15 May 1963 Faith 7 [17]
11 Valery Bykovsky   Soviet Union 14 June 1963 Vostok 5 [18]
12 Valentina Tereshkova   Soviet Union 16 June 1963 Vostok 6 [19]
13 Joseph Walker   United States 19 July 1963 X-15 Flight 90 [20]
14 Konstantin Feoktistov   Soviet Union 12 October 1964 Voskhod 1 [21]
Vladimir Komarov †   Soviet Union [21][nb 7]
Boris Yegorov   Soviet Union [21]
17 Pavel Belyayev   Soviet Union 18 March 1965 Voskhod 2 [22]
Alexei Leonov   Soviet Union
19 John Young △▲   United States 23 March 1965 Gemini 3 [23]
20 James McDivitt   United States 3 June 1965 Gemini 4 [24]
Edward White   United States
22 Pete Conrad ▲   United States 21 August 1965 Gemini 5 [25]
23 Frank Borman △   United States 4 December 1965 Gemini 7 [26]
James Lovell △△   United States
25 Thomas Stafford △   United States 15 December 1965 Gemini 6A [27]
26 Neil Armstrong ▲   United States 16 March 1966 Gemini 8 [28]
David Scott ▲   United States
28 Eugene Cernan △▲   United States 3 June 1966 Gemini 9A [29]
29 Michael Collins △   United States 18 July 1966 Gemini 10 [30]
30 Richard Gordon △   United States 12 September 1966 Gemini 11 [31]
31 Edwin Aldrin ▲   United States 11 November 1966 Gemini 12 [32]
32 Walter Cunningham   United States 11 October 1968 Apollo 7 [33]
Donn Eisele   United States
34 Georgy Beregovoy   Soviet Union 26 October 1968 Soyuz 3 [34]
35 William Anders △   United States 21 December 1968 Apollo 8 [35]
36 Vladimir Shatalov   Soviet Union 14 January 1969 Soyuz 4 [36]
37 Yevgeny Khrunov   Soviet Union 15 January 1969 Soyuz 5 [37]
Boris Volynov   Soviet Union
Aleksei Yeliseyev   Soviet Union
40 Russell Schweickart   United States 3 March 1969 Apollo 9 [38]
41 Valeri Kubasov   Soviet Union 11 October 1969 Soyuz 6 [39]
Georgy Shonin   Soviet Union
43 Anatoly Filipchenko   Soviet Union 12 October 1969 Soyuz 7 [40]
Viktor Gorbatko   Soviet Union
Vladislav Volkov †   Soviet Union [40][nb 8]
46 Alan Bean ▲   United States 14 November 1969 Apollo 12 [41]
47 Fred Haise △   United States 11 April 1970 Apollo 13 [42]
Jack Swigert △   United States
49 Vitaly Sevastyanov   Soviet Union 1 June 1970 Soyuz 9 [43]
50 Edgar Mitchell ▲   United States 31 January 1971 Apollo 14 [44]
Stuart Roosa △   United States
52 Nikolay Rukavishnikov   Soviet Union 22 April 1971 Soyuz 10 [45]
53 Georgy Dobrovolsky ‡   Soviet Union 6 June 1971 Soyuz 11 [46][nb 8]
Viktor Patsayev ‡   Soviet Union
55 James Irwin ▲   United States 26 July 1971 Apollo 15 [47]
Alfred Worden △   United States
57 Charles Duke ▲   United States 16 April 1972 Apollo 16 [48]
Ken Mattingly △   United States
59 Ronald Evans △   United States 7 December 1972 Apollo 17 [49]
Harrison Schmitt ▲   United States
61 Joseph Kerwin   United States 25 May 1973 Skylab 2 [50]
Paul Weitz   United States
63 Owen Garriott   United States 28 July 1973 Skylab 3 [51]
Jack Lousma   United States
65 Vasily Lazarev   Soviet Union 27 September 1973 Soyuz 12 [52]
Oleg Makarov   Soviet Union
67 Gerald Carr   United States 16 November 1973 Skylab 4 [53]
Edward Gibson   United States
William Pogue   United States
70 Pyotr Klimuk   Soviet Union 18 December 1973 Soyuz 13 [54]
Valentin Lebedev   Soviet Union
72 Yury Artyukhin   Soviet Union 3 July 1974 Soyuz 14 [55]
73 Lev Dyomin   Soviet Union 26 August 1974 Soyuz 15 [56]
Gennadi Sarafanov   Soviet Union
75 Georgy Grechko   Soviet Union 10 January 1975 Soyuz 17 [57]
Aleksei Gubarev   Soviet Union
77 Vance Brand   United States 15 July 1975 ASTP [58]
Donald Slayton   United States
79 Vitaly Zholobov   Soviet Union 6 July 1976 Soyuz 21 [59]
80 Vladimir Aksyonov   Soviet Union 15 September 1976 Soyuz 22 [60]
81 Valery Rozhdestvensky   Soviet Union 14 October 1976 Soyuz 23 [61]
Vyacheslav Zudov   Soviet Union
83 Yury Glazkov   Soviet Union 7 February 1977 Soyuz 24 [62]
84 Vladimir Kovalyonok   Soviet Union 9 October 1977 Soyuz 25 [63]
Valery Ryumin   Soviet Union
86 Yury Romanenko   Soviet Union 10 December 1977 Soyuz 26 [64]
87 Vladimir Dzhanibekov   Soviet Union 10 January 1978 Soyuz 27 [65]
88 Vladimír Remek   Czechoslovakia 2 March 1978 Soyuz 28 [66]
89 Aleksandr Ivanchenkov   Soviet Union 15 June 1978 Soyuz 29 [67]
90 Mirosław Hermaszewski   Poland 27 June 1978 Soyuz 30 [68]
91 Sigmund Jähn   East Germany 26 August 1978 Soyuz 31 [69]
92 Vladimir Lyakhov   Soviet Union 25 February 1979 Soyuz 32 [70]
93 Georgi Ivanov   Bulgaria 10 April 1979 Soyuz 33 [71]
94 Leonid Popov   Soviet Union 9 April 1980 Soyuz 35 [72]
95 Bertalan Farkas   Hungary 26 May 1980 Soyuz 36 [73]
96 Yury Malyshev   Soviet Union 5 June 1980 Soyuz T-2 [74]
97 Phạm Tuân   Vietnam 23 July 1980 Soyuz 37 [75]
98 Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez   Cuba 18 September 1980 Soyuz 38 [76]
99 Leonid Kizim   Soviet Union 27 November 1980 Soyuz T-3 [77]
Gennadi Strekalov   Soviet Union
101 Viktor Savinykh   Soviet Union 12 March 1981 Soyuz T-4 [78]
102 Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa   Mongolia 22 March 1981 Soyuz 39 [79]
103 Robert Crippen   United States 12 April 1981 STS-1 [80][81]
104 Dumitru Prunariu   Romania 14 May 1981 Soyuz 40 [82]
105 Joseph Engle   United States 12 November 1981 STS-2 [83]
Richard Truly   United States
107 Charles Fullerton   United States 22 March 1982 STS-3 [84]
108 Anatoly Berezovoy   Soviet Union 13 May 1982 Soyuz T-5 [85]
109 Jean-Loup Chrétien   France 24 June 1982 Soyuz T-6 [86]
110 Henry Hartsfield   United States 27 June 1982 STS-4 [87]
111 Svetlana Savitskaya   Soviet Union 19 August 1982 Soyuz T-7 [88]
Aleksandr Serebrov   Soviet Union
113 Joseph Allen   United States 11 November 1982 STS-5 [89]
William Lenoir   United States
Robert Overmyer   United States
116 Karol Bobko   United States 4 April 1983 STS-6 [90]
Story Musgrave   United States
Donald Peterson   United States
119 Vladimir Titov   Soviet Union 20 April 1983 Soyuz T-8 [91]
120 John Fabian   United States 18 June 1983 STS-7 [92]
Frederick Hauck   United States
Sally Ride   United States
Norman Thagard   United States
124 Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov   Soviet Union 27 June 1983 Soyuz T-9 [93]
125 Guion Bluford   United States 30 August 1983 STS-8 [94]
Daniel Brandenstein   United States
Dale Gardner   United States
William Thornton   United States
129 Byron Lichtenberg   United States 28 November 1983 STS-9 [95]
Robert Parker   United States
Brewster Shaw   United States
Ulf Merbold   West Germany
133 Robert Gibson   United States 3 February 1984 STS-41-B [96]
Bruce McCandless   United States [96]
Ronald McNair †   United States [96][nb 9]
Robert Stewart   United States [96]
137 Oleg Atkov   Soviet Union 8 February 1984 Soyuz T-10 [97]
Vladimir Solovyov   Soviet Union
139 Rakesh Sharma   India 3 April 1984 Soyuz T-11 [98]
140 Terry Hart   United States 6 April 1984 STS-41-C [99]
George Nelson   United States [99]
Francis Scobee †   United States [99][nb 9]
James van Hoften   United States [99]
144 Igor Volk   Soviet Union 17 July 1984 Soyuz T-12 [100]
145 Michael Coats   United States 30 August 1984 STS-41-D [101]
Steven Hawley   United States [101]
Richard Mullane   United States [101]
Judith Resnik †   United States [101][nb 9]
Charles Walker   United States [101]
150 Marc Garneau   Canada 5 October 1984 STS-41-G [102]
David Leestma   United States
Jon McBride   United States
Paul Scully-Power   United States
Kathryn Sullivan   United States
155 Anna Fisher   United States 8 November 1984 STS-51-A [103]
David Walker   United States
157 James Buchli   United States 24 January 1985 STS-51-C [104]
Ellison Onizuka †   United States [104][nb 9]
Gary Payton   United States [104]
Loren Shriver   United States [104]
161 Edwin Garn   United States 12 April 1985 STS-51-D [105]
Stanley Griggs   United States
Jeffrey Hoffman   United States
Margaret Seddon   United States
Donald Williams   United States
166 Frederick Gregory   United States 29 April 1985 STS-51-B [106]
Don Lind   United States [106]
Lodewijk van den Berg   United States [106][nb 10]
Taylor Wang   United States [106]
170 Sultan Al-Saud   Saudi Arabia 17 June 1985 STS-51-G [107]
Patrick Baudry   France
John Creighton   United States
Shannon Lucid   United States
Steven Nagel   United States
175 Loren Acton   United States 29 July 1985 STS-51-F [108]
John Bartoe   United States
Roy Bridges   United States
Anthony England   United States
Karl Henize   United States
180 Richard Covey   United States 27 August 1985 STS-51-I [109]
William Fisher   United States
John Lounge   United States
183 Vladimir Vasyutin   Soviet Union 17 September 1985 Soyuz T-14 [110]
Aleksandr Volkov   Soviet Union
185 Ronald Grabe   United States 3 October 1985 STS-51-J [111]
David Hilmers   United States
William Pailes   United States
188 Bonnie Dunbar   United States 30 October 1985 STS-61-A [112]
Reinhard Furrer   West Germany
Ernst Messerschmid   West Germany
Wubbo Ockels   Netherlands
192 Mary Cleave   United States 27 November 1985 STS-61-B [113]
Rodolfo Neri Vela   Mexico
Bryan O'Connor   United States
Jerry Ross   United States
Sherwood Spring   United States
197 Charles Bolden   United States 12 January 1986 STS-61-C [114]
Robert Cenker   United States [114]
Franklin Chang Díaz   United States [114][nb 11]
Clarence "Bill" Nelson   United States [114]
— Michael J. Smith ‡ ⊗   United States 28 January 1986 STS-51-L [115][nb 9]
Gregory Jarvis ‡ ⊗   United States [116][nb 9]
Christa McAuliffe ‡ ⊗   United States [117][nb 9]
201 Aleksandr Laveykin   Soviet Union 5 February 1987 Soyuz TM-2 [118]
202 Muhammed Faris   Syria 22 July 1987 Soyuz TM-3 [119]
Aleksandr Viktorenko   Soviet Union
204 Anatoly Levchenko   Soviet Union 21 December 1987 Soyuz TM-4 [120]
Musa Manarov   Soviet Union
206 Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov   Bulgaria 7 June 1988 Soyuz TM-5 [121]
Anatoly Solovyev   Soviet Union
208 Abdul Mohmand   Afghanistan 29 August 1988 Soyuz TM-6 [122]
Valeri Polyakov   Soviet Union
210 Sergei Krikalev   Soviet Union 26 November 1988 Soyuz TM-7 [123]
211 Guy Gardner   United States 2 December 1988 STS-27 [124]
William Shepherd   United States
213 James Bagian   United States 13 March 1989 STS-29 [125]
John Blaha   United States
Robert Springer   United States
216 Mark Lee   United States 4 May 1989 STS-30 [126]
217 James Adamson   United States 8 August 1989 STS-28 [127]
Mark Brown   United States
Richard Richards   United States
220 Ellen Baker   United States 18 October 1989 STS-34 [128]
Michael McCulley   United States
222 Manley Carter   United States 23 November 1989 STS-33 [129]
Kathryn Thornton   United States
224 Marsha Ivins   United States 9 January 1990 STS-32 [130]
George Low   United States
James Wetherbee   United States
227 Aleksandr Balandin   Soviet Union 11 February 1990 Soyuz TM-9 [131]
228 John Casper   United States 28 February 1990 STS-36 [132]
Pierre Thuot   United States
230 Gennadi Manakov   Soviet Union 1 August 1990 Soyuz TM-10 [133]
231 Thomas Akers   United States 6 October 1990 STS-41 [134]
Robert Cabana   United States
Bruce Melnick   United States
234 Frank Culbertson   United States 15 November 1990 STS-38 [135]
Charles Gemar   United States
Carl Meade   United States
237 Samuel Durrance   United States 2 December 1990 STS-35 [136]
Ronald Parise   United States
239 Viktor Afanasyev   Soviet Union 2 December 1990 Soyuz TM-11 [137]
Toyohiro Akiyama   Japan
241 Jerome Apt   United States 5 April 1991 STS-37 [138]
Kenneth Cameron   United States
Linda Godwin   United States
244 Lloyd Hammond   United States 28 April 1991 STS-39 [139]
Gregory Harbaugh   United States
Richard Hieb   United States
Donald McMonagle   United States
Charles Veach   United States
249 Anatoly Artsebarsky   Soviet Union 18 May 1991 Soyuz TM-12 [140]
Helen Sharman   United Kingdom
251 Francis Gaffney   United States 5 June 1991 STS-40 [141]
Sidney Gutierrez   United States
Millie Hughes-Fulford   United States
Tamara Jernigan   United States
255 Michael Baker   United States 2 August 1991 STS-43 [142]
256 Kenneth Reightler   United States 12 September 1991 STS-48 [143]
257 Toktar Aubakirov   Soviet Union 2 October 1991 Soyuz TM-13 [144][nb 12]
Franz Viehböck   Austria [144]
259 Thomas Hennen   United States 24 November 1991 STS-44 [145]
Terence Henricks   United States
Mario Runco   United States
James Voss   United States
263 Roberta Bondar   Canada 22 January 1992 STS-42 [146]
Stephen Oswald   United States
William Readdy   United States
266 Klaus-Dietrich Flade   Germany 17 March 1992 Soyuz TM-14 [147]
Aleksandr Kaleri   Russia
268 Brian Duffy   United States 24 March 1992 STS-45 [148]
Michael Foale   United States [148][nb 13]
Dirk Frimout   Belgium [148]
271 Kevin Chilton   United States 7 May 1992 STS-49 [148]
272 Kenneth Bowersox   United States 25 June 1992 STS-50 [149]
Lawrence DeLucas   United States
Eugene Trinh   United States
275 Sergei Avdeyev   Russia 27 July 1992 Soyuz TM-15 [150]
Michel Tognini   France
277 Andrew Allen   United States 31 July 1992 STS-46 [151]
Franco Malerba   Italy
Claude Nicollier    Switzerland
280 Curtis Brown   United States 12 September 1992 STS-47 [152]
Nancy Davis   United States
Mae Jemison   United States
Mamoru Mohri   Japan
284 Steven MacLean   Canada 22 October 1992 STS-52 [153]
285 Michael Clifford   United States 2 December 1992 STS-53 [154]
286 Susan Helms   United States 13 January 1993 STS-54 [155]
287 Aleksandr Poleshchuk   Russia 24 January 1993 Soyuz TM-16 [156]
288 Kenneth Cockrell   United States 8 April 1993 STS-56 [157]
Ellen Ochoa   United States
290 Bernard Harris   United States 26 April 1993 STS-55 [158]
Charles Precourt   United States
Hans Schlegel   Germany
Ulrich Walter   Germany
294 Nancy Currie   United States 21 June 1993 STS-57 [159]
Janice Voss   United States
Peter Wisoff   United States
297 Jean-Pierre Haigneré   France 1 July 1993 Soyuz TM-17 [160]
Vasily Tsibliyev   Russia
299 Daniel Bursch   United States 12 September 1993 STS-51 [161]
James Newman   United States
Carl Walz   United States
302 Martin Fettman   United States 18 October 1993 STS-58 [162]
William McArthur   United States
Richard Searfoss   United States
David Wolf   United States
306 Yury Usachov   Russia 8 January 1994 Soyuz TM-18 [163]
307 Ronald Sega   United States 3 February 1994 STS-60 [164]
308 Thomas Jones   United States 9 April 1994 STS-59 [165]
309 Yuri Malenchenko   Russia 1 July 1994 Soyuz TM-19 [166]
Talgat Musabayev   Kazakhstan
311 Leroy Chiao   United States 8 July 1994 STS-65 [167]
James Halsell   United States
Chiaki Mukai   Japan
Donald Thomas   United States
315 Jerry Linenger   United States 9 September 1994 STS-64 [168]
316 Stephen Smith   United States 30 September 1994 STS-68 [169]
Terrence Wilcutt   United States
318 Yelena Kondakova   Russia 3 October 1994 Soyuz TM-20 [170]
319 Jean-François Clervoy   France 3 November 1994 STS-66 [171]
Scott Parazynski   United States
Joseph Tanner   United States
322 Eileen Collins   United States 3 February 1995 STS-63 [172]
323 William Gregory   United States 2 March 1995 STS-67 [173]
John Grunsfeld   United States
Wendy Lawrence   United States
326 Vladimir Dezhurov   Russia 14 March 1995 Soyuz TM-21 [174]
327 Nikolai Budarin   Russia 27 June 1995 STS-71 [175]
328 Kevin Kregel   United States 13 July 1995 STS-70 [176]
Mary Weber   United States
330 Yuri Gidzenko   Russia 3 September 1995 Soyuz TM-22 [177]
Thomas Reiter   Germany
332 Michael Gernhardt   United States 7 September 1995 STS-69 [178]
333 Catherine Coleman   United States 20 October 1995 STS-73 [179]
Frederick Leslie   United States
Michael López-Alegría   United States
Kent Rominger   United States
Albert Sacco   United States
338 Chris Hadfield   Canada 12 November 1995 STS-74 [180]
339 Daniel Barry   United States 11 January 1996 STS-72 [181]
Brent Jett   United States
Winston Scott   United States
Koichi Wakata   Japan
343 Yury Onufriyenko   Russia 21 February 1996 Soyuz TM-23 [182]
344 Maurizio Cheli   Italy 22 February 1996 STS-75 [183]
Umberto Guidoni   Italy
Scott Horowitz   United States
347 Andrew Thomas   United States 19 May 1996 STS-77 [184]
348 Charles Brady   United States 20 June 1996 STS-78 [185]
Jean-Jacques Favier   France
Richard Linnehan   United States
Robert Thirsk   Canada
352 Claudie Haigneré   France 17 August 1996 Soyuz TM-24 [186]
Valery Korzun   Russia
354 Reinhold Ewald   Germany 10 February 1997 Soyuz TM-25 [187]
Aleksandr Lazutkin   Russia
356 Roger Crouch   United States 4 April 1997 STS-83 [188]
Gregory Linteris   United States
Susan Kilrain   United States
359 Edward Lu   United States 15 May 1997 STS-84 [189]
Carlos Noriega   United States
361 Pavel Vinogradov   Russia 5 August 1997 Soyuz TM-26 [190]
362 Robert Curbeam   United States 7 August 1997 STS-85 [191]
Stephen Robinson   United States
Bjarni Tryggvason   Canada
365 Michael Bloomfield   United States 26 September 1997 STS-86 [192]
366 Kalpana Chawla †   United States 19 November 1997 STS-87 [193][nb 14]
Takao Doi   Japan [193]
Leonid Kadeniuk   Ukraine
Steven Lindsey   United States
370 Michael Anderson †   United States 23 January 1998 STS-89 [194][nb 14]
Joe Edwards   United States [194]
James Reilly   United States
Salizhan Sharipov   Russia
374 Léopold Eyharts   France 29 January 1998 Soyuz TM-27 [195]
375 Scott Altman   United States 17 April 1998 STS-90 [196]
Jay Buckey   United States
Kathryn Hire   United States
James Pawelczyk   United States
Dafydd Williams   Canada
380 Dominic Gorie   United States 2 June 1998 STS-91 [197]
Janet Kavandi   United States
382 Yuri Baturin   Russia 13 August 1998 Soyuz TM-28 [198]
Gennady Padalka   Russia
384 Pedro Duque   Spain 29 October 1998 STS-95 [199]
385 Frederick Sturckow   United States 4 December 1998 STS-88 [200]
386 Ivan Bella   Slovakia 20 February 1999 Soyuz TM-29 [201]
387 Rick Husband †   United States 27 May 1999 STS-96 [202][nb 14]
Julie Payette   Canada [202]
Valeri Tokarev   Russia
390 Jeffrey Ashby   United States 23 July 1999 STS-93 [203]
391 Scott Kelly   United States 20 December 1999 STS-103 [204]
392 Gerhard Thiele   Germany 11 February 2000 STS-99 [205]
393 Sergei Zalyotin   Russia 4 April 2000 Soyuz TM-30 [206]
394 Jeffrey Williams   United States 19 May 2000 STS-101 [207]
395 Daniel Burbank   United States 8 September 2000 STS-106 [208]
Richard Mastracchio   United States
Boris Morukov   Russia
398 Pamela Melroy   United States 11 October 2000 STS-92 [209]
399 Mark Polansky   United States 7 February 2001 STS-98 [210]
400 James Kelly   United States 8 March 2001 STS-102 [211]
Paul Richards   United States
402 Yury Lonchakov   Russia 19 April 2001 STS-100 [212][213]
John Phillips   United States [213][214]
404 Dennis Tito   United States 28 April 2001 Soyuz TM-32 [215]
405 Charles Hobaugh   United States 12 July 2001 STS-104 [216]
406 Patrick Forrester   United States 10 August 2001 STS-105 [217]
Mikhail Tyurin   Russia
408 Konstantin Kozeyev   Russia 21 October 2001 Soyuz TM-33 [218]
409 Mark Kelly   United States 5 December 2001 STS-108 [219]
Daniel Tani   United States
411 Duane Carey   United States 1 March 2002 STS-109 [220]
Michael Massimino   United States
413 Stephen Frick   United States 8 April 2002 STS-110 [221]
Lee Morin   United States
Rex Walheim   United States
416 Mark Shuttleworth   South Africa 25 April 2002 Soyuz TM-34 [222]
Roberto Vittori   Italy
418 Paul Lockhart   United States 5 June 2002 STS-111 [223]
Philippe Perrin   France
Sergei Treshchov   Russia
Peggy Whitson   United States
422 Sandra Magnus   United States 7 October 2002 STS-112 [224]
Piers Sellers   United States [224][nb 15]
Fyodor Yurchikhin   Russia [224]
425 Frank De Winne   Belgium 30 October 2002 Soyuz TMA-1 [225]
426 John Herrington   United States 24 November 2002 STS-113 [226]
Donald Pettit   United States
428 David Brown ‡   United States 16 January 2003 STS-107 [226][nb 14]
Laurel Clark ‡   United States
William McCool ‡   United States
Ilan Ramon ‡   Israel
432 Yang Liwei   China 15 October 2003 Shenzhou 5 [227]
433 Edward Fincke   United States 19 April 2004 Soyuz TMA-4 [228]
André Kuipers   Netherlands
435 Michael Melvill   United States 21 June 2004 SpaceShipOne 15P [229][230][231]
436 Brian Binnie   United States 4 October 2004 SpaceShipOne 17P [231][232][233]
437 Yuri Shargin   Russia 14 October 2004 Soyuz TMA-5 [234]
438 Charles Camarda   United States 26 July 2005 STS-114 [235]
Soichi Noguchi   Japan
440 Gregory Olsen   United States 1 October 2005 Soyuz TMA-7 [236]
441 Fei Junlong   China 12 October 2005 Shenzhou 6 [237]
Nie Haisheng   China
443 Marcos Pontes   Brazil 30 March 2006 Soyuz TMA-8 [238]
444 Michael Fossum   United States 4 July 2006 STS-121 [239]
Lisa Nowak   United States
Stephanie Wilson   United States
447 Christopher Ferguson   United States 9 September 2006 STS-115 [240]
Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper   United States
449 Anousheh Ansari   United States 18 September 2006 Soyuz TMA-9 [241][nb 16]
450 Christer Fuglesang   Sweden 10 December 2006 STS-116 [242]
Joan Higginbotham   United States [242]
William Oefelein   United States [242]
Nicholas Patrick   United States [242][nb 17]
Sunita Williams   United States [242]
455 Oleg Kotov   Russia 7 April 2007 Soyuz TMA-10 [243]
Charles Simonyi   United States
457 Clayton Anderson   United States 8 June 2007 STS-117 [244]
Lee Archambault   United States
John Olivas   United States
Steven Swanson   United States
461 Tracy Caldwell Dyson   United States 8 August 2007 STS-118 [245]
Benjamin Drew   United States
Barbara Morgan   United States
464 Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor   Malaysia 10 October 2007 Soyuz TMA-11 [246]
465 Paolo Nespoli   Italy 23 October 2007 STS-120 [247]
Douglas Wheelock   United States
George Zamka   United States
468 Stanley Love   United States 7 February 2008 STS-122 [248]
Leland Melvin   United States
Alan Poindexter   United States
471 Robert Behnken   United States 11 March 2008 STS-123 [249]
Michael Foreman   United States
Gregory H. Johnson   United States
Garrett Reisman   United States
475 Oleg Kononenko   Russia 8 April 2008 Soyuz TMA-12 [250]
Sergey Volkov   Russia
Yi So-Yeon   South Korea
478 Gregory Chamitoff   United States 31 May 2008 STS-124 [251]
Ronald Garan   United States
Kenneth Ham   United States
Akihiko Hoshide   Japan
Karen Nyberg   United States
483 Jing Haipeng   China 25 September 2008 Shenzhou 7 [252]
Liu Boming   China
Zhai Zhigang   China
486 Richard Garriott   United States 12 October 2008 Soyuz TMA-13 [253]
487 Eric Boe   United States 15 November 2008 STS-126 [254]
Stephen Bowen   United States
Robert Kimbrough   United States
490 Joseph Acaba   United States 15 March 2009 STS-119 [255]
Dominic Antonelli   United States
Richard Arnold   United States
493 Michael Barratt   United States 26 March 2009 Soyuz TMA-14 [256]
494 Andrew Feustel   United States 11 May 2009 STS-125 [257]
Michael Good   United States
Gregory C. Johnson   United States
Megan McArthur   United States
498 Roman Romanenko   Russia 27 May 2009 Soyuz TMA-15 [258]
499 Christopher Cassidy   United States 15 July 2009 STS-127 [259]
Douglas Hurley   United States
Timothy Kopra   United States
Thomas Marshburn   United States
503 Kevin Ford   United States 29 August 2009 STS-128 [260]
José M. Hernández   United States
Nicole Stott   United States
506 Guy Laliberté   Canada 30 September 2009 Soyuz TMA-16 [261]
Maksim Surayev   Russia
508 Randolph Bresnik   United States 12 November 2009 STS-129 [262]
Robert Satcher   United States
Barry Wilmore   United States
511 Timothy Creamer   United States 20 December 2009 Soyuz TMA-17 [263]
512 Terry Virts   United States 8 February 2010 STS-130 [264]
513 Mikhail Korniyenko   Russia 2 April 2010 Soyuz TMA-18 [265]
Aleksandr Skvortsov   Russia
515 James Dutton   United States 5 April 2010 STS-131 [266]
Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger   United States
Naoko Yamazaki   Japan
518 Shannon Walker   United States 15 June 2010 Soyuz TMA-19 [267]
519 Oleg Skripochka   Russia 7 October 2010 Soyuz TMA-01M [268]
520 Dmitri Kondratyev   Russia 15 December 2010 Soyuz TMA-20 [269]
521 Andrei Borisenko   Russia 4 April 2011 Soyuz TMA-21 [270]
Aleksandr Samokutyayev   Russia
523 Satoshi Furukawa   Japan 7 June 2011 Soyuz TMA-02M [271]
524 Anatoli Ivanishin   Russia 14 November 2011 Soyuz TMA-22 [272]
Anton Shkaplerov   Russia
526 Sergei Revin   Russia 15 May 2012 Soyuz TMA-04M [273]
527 Liu Wang   China 16 June 2012 Shenzhou 9 [274]
Liu Yang   China
529 Oleg Novitskiy   Russia 23 October 2012 Soyuz TMA-06M [275]
Evgeny Tarelkin   Russia
531 Alexander Misurkin   Russia 28 March 2013 Soyuz TMA-08M [276]
532 Luca Parmitano   Italy 28 May 2013 Soyuz TMA-09M [277]
533 Zhang Xiaoguang   China 11 June 2013 Shenzhou 10 [278]
Wang Yaping   China
535 Michael Hopkins   United States 25 September 2013 Soyuz TMA-10M [279]
Sergey Ryazansky   Russia
537 Oleg Artemyev   Russia 25 March 2014 Soyuz TMA-12M [280]
538 Reid Wiseman   United States 28 May 2014 Soyuz TMA-13M [281]
Alexander Gerst   Germany
540 Yelena Serova   Russia 25 September 2014 Soyuz TMA-14M [282]
541 Samantha Cristoforetti   Italy 23 November 2014 Soyuz TMA-15M [283]
542 Kimiya Yui   Japan 22 July 2015 Soyuz TMA-17M [284]
Kjell N. Lindgren   United States
544 Andreas Mogensen   Denmark 2 September 2015 Soyuz TMA-18M [285]
Aidyn Aimbetov   Kazakhstan [285][nb 12]
546 Tim Peake   United Kingdom 15 December 2015 Soyuz TMA-19M [286][287]
547 Aleksey Ovchinin   Russia 18 March 2016 Soyuz TMA-20M [288]
548 Takuya Onishi   Japan 7 July 2016 Soyuz MS-01 [289]
Kathleen Rubins   United States
550 Chen Dong   China 17 October 2016 Shenzhou 11 [290]
551 Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov   Russia 19 October 2016 Soyuz MS-02 [291]
552 Thomas Pesquet   France 17 November 2016 Soyuz MS-03 [292]
553 Jack Fischer   United States 20 April 2017 Soyuz MS-04 [293]
554 Mark Vande Hei   United States 12 September 2017 Soyuz MS-06 [294]
555 Norishige Kanai   Japan 17 December 2017 Soyuz MS-07 [295][296]
Scott D. Tingle   United States
557 Sergey Prokopyev   Russia 6 June 2018 Soyuz MS-09 [297][298]
Serena Auñón-Chancellor   United States
— Nick Hague ⊗   United States 11 October 2018 Soyuz MS-10 [299][nb 18]
559 David Saint-Jacques   Canada 3 December 2018 Soyuz MS-11 [301]
Anne McClain   United States
561 Nick Hague   United States 14 March 2019 Soyuz MS-12 [302][nb 4]
Christina Koch   United States [302]
563 Andrew R. Morgan   United States 20 July 2019 Soyuz MS-13 [303]
564 Jessica Meir   United States 25 September 2019 Soyuz MS-15 [304]
Hazza Al Mansouri   United Arab Emirates
566 Ivan Vagner   Russia 9 April 2020 Soyuz MS-16 [305]
567 Sergey Kud-Sverchkov   Russia 14 October 2020 Soyuz MS-17 [306]
568 Victor Glover   United States 15 November 2020 SpaceX Crew-1 [307]
569 Pyotr Dubrov   Russia 9 April 2021 Soyuz MS-18 [308]
570 Tang Hongbo   China 17 June 2021 Shenzhou 12 [309]
571 Jeff Bezos   United States 20 July 2021 Blue Origin NS-16 [310]
Wally Funk   United States
Oliver Daemen   Netherlands
Mark Bezos   United States
575 Jared Isaacman   United States 15 September 2021 Inspiration4 [311]
Sian Proctor   United States
Hayley Arceneaux   United States
Christopher Sembroski   United States
579 Klim Shipenko   Russia 5 October 2021 Soyuz MS-19 [312]
Yulia Peresild   Russia
581 Audrey Powers   United States 13 October 2021 Blue Origin NS-18 [313]
Chris Boshuizen   Australia
Glen de Vries   United States
William Shatner   Canada
585 Ye Guangfu   China 15 October 2021 Shenzhou 13 [314]
586 Raja Chari   United States 11 November 2021 SpaceX Crew-3 [315]
Kayla Barron   United States
Matthias Maurer   Germany
589 Yusaku Maezawa   Japan 8 December 2021 Soyuz MS-20 [316]
Yozo Hirano   Japan
591 Laura Shepard Churchley   United States 11 December 2021 Blue Origin NS-19 [317]
Michael Strahan   United States
Dylan Taylor   United States
Evan Dick   United States
Lane Bess   United States
Cameron Bess   United States
597 Denis Matveev   Russia 18 March 2022 Soyuz MS-21 [318]
Sergey Korsakov   Russia
599 Marty Allen   United States 31 March 2022 Blue Origin NS-20 [319]
Sharon Hagle   United States
Marc Hagle   United States
Jim Kitchen   United States
George Nield   United States
Gary Lai   United States
605 Larry Connor   United States 8 April 2022 Axiom Mission 1 [320]
Mark Pathy   Canada
Eytan Stibbe   Israel
608 Robert Hines   United States 27 April 2022 SpaceX Crew-4 [321]
Jessica Watkins   United States
610 Katya Echazarreta   United States 4 June 2022 Blue Origin NS-21 [322]
Hamish Harding   United Kingdom
Victor Correa Hespanha   Brazil
Jaison Robinson   United States
Victor Vescovo   United States
615 Cai Xuzhe   China 5 June 2022 Shenzhou 14 [323]
616 Coby Cotton   United States 4 August 2022 Blue Origin NS-22 [324][nb 19]
Mário Ferreira   Portugal
Vanessa O'Brien   United Kingdom
Clint Kelly III   United States
Sara Sabry   Egypt
Steve Young   United States
622 Dmitry Petelin   Russia 21 September 2022 Soyuz MS-22 [325]
Francisco Rubio   United States
624 Nicole Aunapu Mann   United States 5 October 2022 SpaceX Crew-5 [326]
Josh A. Cassada   United States
Anna Kikina   Russia
627 Deng Qingming   China 29 November 2022 Shenzhou 15 [327]
Zhang Lu   China
629 Warren Hoburg   United States 2 March 2023 SpaceX Crew-6 [328]
Sultan Al Neyadi   United Arab Emirates
Andrey Fedyaev   Russia
632 John Shoffner   United States 21 May 2023 Axiom Mission 2 [329]
Ali AlQarni   Saudi Arabia
Rayyanah Barnawi   Saudi Arabia
635 Zhu Yangzhu   China 30 May 2023 Shenzhou 16 [330]
Gui Haichao   China
637 Jasmin Moghbeli   United States 26 August 2023 SpaceX Crew-7 [331][332]
Konstantin Borisov   Russia
639 Nikolai Chub   Russia 15 September 2023 Soyuz MS-24 [333]
Loral O'Hara   United States
641 Tang Shengjie   China 26 October 2023 Shenzhou 17 [334]
Jiang Xinlin   China
643 Alper Gezeravcı   Turkey 18 January 2024 Axiom Mission 3 [335]
Walter Villadei   Italy
Marcus Wandt   Sweden
646 Matthew Dominick   United States 4 March 2024 SpaceX Crew-8 [336]
Jeanette Epps   United States
Alexander Grebenkin   Russia
649 Marina Vasilevskaya   Belarus 23 March 2024 Soyuz MS-25 [337]
650 Li Cong   China 25 April 2024 Shenzhou 18 [338]
Li Guangsu   China


See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
  2. ^ i.e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above 100 km (62 mi), for most of its launches.
  3. ^ In cases where the first space traveller from a particular country flew on a sub-orbital flight, that flight is also linked in italics.
  4. ^ a b Most space travellers have a single entry in the table dated on the launch of their first spaceflight or attempt thereof. The only exception is when a traveller successfully crossed 100 km (62 mi) for the first time after a failed attempt.
  5. ^ The distance of Gagarin's spaceflight exceeded the circumference of the Earth and the total duration of the flight exceeded its orbital period. Due to the rotation of the Earth, Gagarin nevertheless landed west of the Vostok 1 launch site after completing a single orbit.
  6. ^ Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, the Vostok missions are not deemed completed spaceflights, as cosmonauts did not land with the spacecraft (they ejected from the spacecraft and landed separately). The first Soviet mission that did fulfill this requirement was Voskhod 1.[3] However, despite this issue, the FAI does recognize Yuri Gagarin as the first person to perform a spaceflight.[4]
  7. ^ Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
  8. ^ a b Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
  10. ^ Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.
  11. ^ Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.
  12. ^ a b Toktar Aubakirov returned to Earth prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, upon which he became a Kazakh citizen.
  13. ^ Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  14. ^ a b c d See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
  15. ^ Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  16. ^ Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
  17. ^ Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  18. ^ Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[300]
  19. ^ Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United Kingdom flag.

References edit

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  123. ^ "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  124. ^ "STS-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  125. ^ "STS-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  126. ^ "STS-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  127. ^ "STS-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  128. ^ "STS-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  129. ^ "STS-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  130. ^ "STS-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  131. ^ "Soyuz TM-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  132. ^ "STS-36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  133. ^ "Soyuz TM-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  134. ^ "STS-41". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  135. ^ "STS-38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  136. ^ "STS-35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  137. ^ "Soyuz TM-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  138. ^ "STS-37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  139. ^ "STS-39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  140. ^ "Soyuz TM-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  141. ^ "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  142. ^ "STS-43". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  143. ^ "STS-48". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  145. ^ "STS-44". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  146. ^ "STS-42". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  147. ^ "Soyuz TM-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
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  149. ^ "STS-50". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  150. ^ "Soyuz TM-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  151. ^ "STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  152. ^ "STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  153. ^ "STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  154. ^ "STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  155. ^ "STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  156. ^ "Soyuz TM-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  157. ^ "STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  158. ^ "STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  159. ^ "STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  160. ^ "Soyuz TM-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  161. ^ "STS-51". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  164. ^ "STS-60". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  167. ^ "STS-65". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  171. ^ "STS-66". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  172. ^ "STS-63". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  173. ^ "STS-67". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  174. ^ "Soyuz TM-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
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  177. ^ "Soyuz TM-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  178. ^ "STS-69". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  179. ^ "STS-73". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  180. ^ "STS-74". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  181. ^ "STS-72". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  182. ^ "Soyuz TM-23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  183. ^ "STS-75". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  184. ^ "STS-77". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  185. ^ "STS-78". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  186. ^ "Soyuz TM-24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  187. ^ "Soyuz TM-25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  188. ^ "STS-83". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  189. ^ "STS-84". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  190. ^ "Soyuz TM-26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  191. ^ "STS-85". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  192. ^ "STS-86". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  196. ^ "STS-90". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  197. ^ "STS-91". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  198. ^ "Soyuz TM-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  199. ^ "STS-95". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  204. ^ "STS-103". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  206. ^ "Soyuz TM-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  207. ^ "STS-101". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  208. ^ "STS-106". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  209. ^ "STS-92". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  216. ^ "STS-104". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  217. ^ "STS-105". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  218. ^ "Soyuz TM-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  219. ^ "STS-108". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  220. ^ "STS-109". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  221. ^ "STS-110". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  222. ^ "Soyuz TM-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  223. ^ "STS-111". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  225. ^ "Soyuz TMA-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
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  235. ^ "STS-114". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  236. ^ "Soyuz TMA-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  237. ^ "Shenzhou VI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  255. ^ "STS-119". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  269. ^ "Soyuz TMA-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
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