The Simiyu River[1] is a river located in Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, Tanzania. It flows into Lake Victoria in the African Great Lakes region. As one of the six main inlets to Lake Victoria, it forms part of the upper headwaters of the Nile. The Simiyu Region is named after the river.
| Simiyu River | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Mto Simiyu (Sukuma) |
| Location | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Simiyu Region and Arusha Region | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • elevation | 1,680 m (5,510 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria |
• coordinates | 02°31′49″S 033°25′11″E / 2.53028°S 33.41972°E |
• elevation | 1,133 m (3,717 ft) |
| Length | 180 km (110 mi) |
| Basin size | 10,800 km2 (4,200 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • minimum | 0 m3/s (0 cu ft/s) (dry season) |
| • maximum | 200 m3/s (7,100 cu ft/s) (rainy season) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • right | Duma River (Tanzania) |
Geography
editThe river's source is on the western slopes of Mount Loolmalasin and the Ngorongoro Highlands in Arusha Region. It flows though the southern portion of the Serengeti National Park into Magu Bay[2] of the Speke Gulf of Lake Victoria. The Simiyu has two main tributaries entering from the right, the Duma River[3] and the Komahola River,[4] and one from the left the Maloho River.[5] There is considerable farming in the lower reaches of the Simiyu Basin, which causes runoff of fertilizers and pesticides.[6] The delta of the Simiyu is a marsh that starts just downstream from the town of Magu.[5] Upstream from Magu just below the Ndagalu Forest Reserve[7] is the village of Samilunga.[5]
History
editIn 1875, Henry Morton Stanley was the first European to sight the Simiyu River.[8][9]: 124
Climate
editThere are two rainy seasons, the light one from November into January, and the heavy one from March to May, which result in 700 to 1000 mm of annual rainfall. Less than 10% of the rainfall makes it to the mouth of the river due to a very high evapotranspiration rate.[6]
Hydrometrie
editAverage monthly flow of Simiyu measured at the hydrological station in Magu Mjini Estate, about 10 km above the mouth in m³ / s (1999–2004).[6] The Simiyu flows stimulate time-dependent, like most rivers in the region.
Notes
edit- ^ Simiyu River (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Magu Bay (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Duma River (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Komahola (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ a b c Survey and Mapping Division, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (1982), Topographic Map 1:250,000, Malya, SA 36-11, United Republic of Tanzania
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Rwetabula, J.; De Smedt, F. & Rebhun, M. (2007). "Prediction of runoff and discharge in the Simiyu River (tributary of Lake Victoria, Tanzania) using the WetSpa model" (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 4: 881–908. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-881-2007.
- ^ Ndagalu Central Government Forest Reserve (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Jeal, Tim (2007). Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-300-12625-9.
- ^ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, ISBN 0486256677