Sergei Sergeyevich Oldenburg (Russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Ольденбу́рг 29 June 1888 - 28 April 1940) was a bureaucrat and biographer in Imperial Russia. He wrote a comprehensive account of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia & his reign from an apologetic, conservative & monarchist perspective.[1]
Biography edit
Sergei Sergeyevich Oldenburg was born on 29 June 1888 in Malaya Vishera, Imperial Russia. His father, Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg was a famed academic & Orientalist who specialised in Buddhist studies. His mother, Alexandra Pavlovna Oldenburg (? - 1891), née Timofeva, was a graduate from the Mathematics Department of the Pedagogical Courses. He studied law at the Imperial Moscow University, and later worked in the Russian Ministry of Finance.[2] Writing for Russkaya mysl (Russian Thought) as a member of the White movement, he correctly predicted the Bolshevik - Menshevik split & the reasons which led to it, as noted by Lenin in his 1922 Testament.[3]
The first volume of his account of Tsar Nicholas II written in Russian was published in 1939 in Belgrade,[1] while the second was published posthumously a decade later in Munich. The first edition published in Russia was after the Soviet collapse in 1991. English translations were published in 1975-1978 by Academic International Press with a preface by Patrick J. Rollins, a professor of history at Old Dominion University.[4] Sergei Sergeyevich Oldenburg died at the age of 51 in Paris on 28 April 1940,[2] survived by his daughter Zoé Oldenbourg and wife Ada Dimitrievna Starynkevich (1892 - 1946).[5]
The first volume of his account, starting from the Coronation of Tsar Nicholas II and ending at the Coup of June 1907, is noted by Michael Karpovich to be very critical of Sergei Witte, Vyacheslav von Plehve & the Russification of Finland, while being favorable towards Pyotr Stolypin.[1] The second volume covers the events from 1907 - 1914, starting with the Russo-Japanese War and ending with the change in the electoral law on June 16, 1907.[6] The last volume reviewed the events of World War I, ending with the Russian Revolution.[7]
The main difference in Oldenburg's accounts was his portrayal of the Tsar Nicholas as a strong willed ruler and not a weakling, as most authors do. A. M. Nikolaieff notes Oldenburg's treatment of the Treaty of Portsmouth, where the Tsar refused to pay a monetary settlement to Japan, despite being counselled to do so by Witte. Oldenburg also writes about the Tsar's support for the tentative abolition of the Obshchina, and the introduction of the gold standard.[6]
Works edit
- Tsarstovanie Imperatora Nikolaia II (The Last Tsar: Nicholas II, His Reign & His Russia): vols. I, II, III & IV. English translations: Volume 1 ISBN 9780875690636. Volume 2 ISBN 9780875690681. Volume 3 ISBN 9780875690735. Volume 4 ISBN 9780875690742.
- Le coup d'état bolcheviste, 20 octobre-3 décembre 1917, recueil des documents relatifs à la prise du pouvoir par les bolchevistes (The Bolshevik coup d'état, October 20-December 3, 1917, collection of documents relating to the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks). Payot, Paris, 1929. OCLC 154257635.
- Экономическое положеніе и общественные классы Совѣтской Россіи (Economic situation and public classes of Soviet Russia). Pridvornai︠a︡ tip. Akt︠s︡īon. o-vo, Sofīi︠a︡, 1921. OCLC 26543120
References edit
- ^ a b c Karpovich, Michael (1941). "Review of Carstvovanie Imperatora Nikolaja II; Vospominanija; The Second Duma: A Study of the Social-Democratic Party and the Russian Constitutional Experiment". The Slavonic Year-Book. 1: 381–383. doi:10.2307/3020283. ISSN 1535-0959. JSTOR 3020283.
- ^ a b Gilbert, Paul (2019-03-26). "Last Tsar. Nicholas II, His Reign & His Russia by S. S. Oldenburg (1939)". Nicholas II. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
- ^ "Internet Modern History Sourcebook, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin: Testament, 1922". sourcebooks.fordham.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
- ^ "Obituary: Patrick J. Rollins". scholar.lib.vt.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
- ^ Makward, Christiane Perrin; Cottenet-Hage, Madeleine (1996). Dictionnaire littéraire des femmes de langue française: de Marie de France à Marie NDiaye [Dictionary of female French language writers: From Marie de France to Marie NDiaye]. Paris: Éd. Karthala. p. 448. ISBN 9782865376766.
- ^ a b Nikolaieff, A. M. (1942). "Review of Tsarstvovanie imperatora Nikolaya II. Tom I. [The Reign of Emperor Nicholas II]". The Russian Review. 1 (2): 97–99. doi:10.2307/125210. ISSN 0036-0341.
- ^ Oldenburg, Sergei S. (1978). Last Tsar. 4: The World War, 1914 - 1918. The Russian series. Translated by Rollins, Patrick J. Gulf Breeze: Academic International Press. ISBN 9780875690742.