SMS S21[a][b] was a V1-class torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. The ship was built by Schichau-Werke, at their Elbing shipyard, completing in 1913. S21 served with the German High Seas Fleet during the First World War, and sank following a collision with the cruiser Hamburg on 21 April 1915.
| History | |
|---|---|
 Germany | |
| Name | S21 |
| Builder | Schichau-Werke, Elbing |
| Launched | 11 January 1913 |
| Commissioned | 20 June 1913 |
| Fate | Sank following collision 21 April 1915 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 697 t (686 long tons) |
| Length | 71.1 m (233 ft 3 in) oa |
| Beam | 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in) |
| Draft | 3.11 m (10 ft 2 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 32 knots (59.3 km/h; 36.8 mph) |
| Range | 1,190 nmi (2,200 km; 1,370 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) |
| Complement | 74 officers and sailors |
| Armament |
|
Construction and design edit
The V1-class was a new class of torpedo boat intended to be smaller and more manoeuvrable than the Imperial German Navy's latest torpedo boats, which would be more suitable for working with the fleet. Twelve ships were ordered from AG Vulcan and Germaniawerft[c] under the 1911 construction programme, while in 1912, twelve ships of similar design (S13–S24) were ordered from Schichau-Werke.[2][3] The reduction in size resulted in the ships' seaworthiness being adversely affected, however,[2] and range being reduced,[4] with the 1911 and 1912 torpedo boats acquiring the disparaging nickname "Admiral Lans' cripples".[1][5]
The Schichau boats were 71.5 m (234 ft 7 in) long overall and 71.0 m (232 ft 11 in) at the waterline, with a beam of 7.43 m (24 ft 5 in) and a draught of 2.77 m (9 ft 1 in). Displacement was 568 tonnes (559 long tons) normal and 695 tonnes (684 long tons) deep load. Three coal-fired and one oil-fired water-tube boilers fed steam to two direct-drive steam turbines rated at 15,700 metric horsepower (15,500 shp; 11,500 kW), giving a design speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph).[5] 108 tonnes (106 long tons) of coal and 72 tonnes (71 long tons) of oil were carried, giving a range of 1,050 nautical miles (1,940 km; 1,210 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) or 600 nautical miles (1,100 km; 690 mi) at 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph).[2]
S21's armament consisted of two 8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/30 naval guns[d] in single mounts fore and aft, together with four 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes with one reload torpedo carried. Up to 18 mines could be carried.[2][5] The ship had a crew of 3 officers and 71 other ranks.[4]
S21, yard number 872,[5] was launched at Schichau's shipyard in Elbing, East Prussia (now Elbląg in Poland) on 11 January 1913 and was commissioned on 20 June 1913.[6]
Service edit
In May 1914, S21 was a member of the 14th half-flotilla of the 7th Torpedo boat Flotilla.[7] She remained part of the 14th half-flotilla at the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914.[8] The 7th Torpedo Boat Flotilla supported the Raid on Yarmouth on 3 November 1914 and the Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on 16 December 1914.[9] On 21 April 1915, S21 was one of three torpedo-boats of the 14th half-flotilla that encountered the light cruisers of IV Scouting Group near the Weser estuary. The torpedo boats attempted to cut through the line of cruisers, passing between Stuttgart and Hamburg, but S21, the second of the three torpedo boats, failed, and S21 was rammed by Hamburg, cutting the torpedo boat in two just aft of S21's bridge. The stern half of S21 remained afloat for some time, but attempts by the other two torpedo boats to take it in tow failed and the remains of S21 sank. 36 men were killed in the sinking of S21.[10]
Notes edit
- ^ "SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff" (German: His Majesty's Ship)
- ^ The "S" in S21 denotes the shipyard at which she was built, in this case Schichau-Werke.[1]
- ^ The Imperial German Navy's practice was to split a year's orders into half-flotillas of six torpedo boats from different builders, to differing detailed design.[1]
- ^ In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, the L/30 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/30 gun is 30 caliber, meaning that the gun is 30 times as long as it is in diameter.
References edit
- ^ a b c Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 164
- ^ a b c d Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 167
- ^ Fock 1981, pp. 154–155
- ^ a b Fock 1981, p. 154
- ^ a b c d Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983, p. 51
- ^ Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983, p. 52
- ^ Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1914, p. 66
- ^ Fock 1989, p. 347
- ^ Fock 1989, p. 350
- ^ Groos 1924, pp. 94–95
Bibliography edit
- Fock, Harald (1981). Schwarze Gesellen: Band 2: Zerstörer bis 1914 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koelers Verlagsgesellschaft mBH. ISBN 3-7822-0206-6.
- Fock, Harald (1989). Z-Vor! Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsätze von Zerstörern und Torpedobooten 1914 bis 1939 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mBH. ISBN 3-7822-0207-4.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnellboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote (in German). Koblenz: Bernard & Graef Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6.
- Groos, O. (1924). Der Krieg in der Nordsee: Vierter Band: Von Unfang Februar bis Dezember 1915. Der Krieg zur See: 1914–1918 (in German). Berlin: Verlag von E. S. Mittler und Sohn – via National Library of Estonia.
- Rangelist der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine für Das Jahr 1914 (in German). Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. 1914. Retrieved 11 February 2023 – via Heinrich Hein Universität Düsseldorf.