Carmen Rosa Panduro Ramírez was a Peruvian housewife who fought against Ecuadorian troops in the Battle of Rocafuerte during the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War.[2][3]
Rosa Panduro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Carmen Rosa Panduro Ramírez[1] December 10, 1918 Requena, Peru |
| Died | November 11, 1989 (aged 70) Iquitos, Peru |
| Resting place | Cementerio General San Miguel Arcángel |
| Nationality | Peruvian |
| Other names | Heroine of Rocafuerte[2][3] |
| Known for | Volunteering during the Battle of Rocafuerte |
| Spouse | Juan Manuel Peñaherrera Valera |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  Peru |
| Service/ | Peruvian Army |
| Years of service | 1941 |
| Battles/wars | Ecuadorian–Peruvian War |
Early life edit
Panduro was born in 1918 in Requena to parents María Ramírez Coral and Federico Panduro Sandoval.[4] She later married Peruvian second sergeant Juan Manuel Peñaherrera Valera, with whom she had two children.[5]
Battle of Rocafuerte edit
On August 11, 1941, during the context of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, hostilities broke out between Ecuadorian and Peruvian troops, which then escalated into a battle.[6][7] This was despite the fact that a ceasefire had been declared eleven days prior and both parties were located in their respective side of the de facto border agreed upon by both parties in 1936.[8]
During the battle, Panduro's husband was assigned to the frontline, and a military exclusion zone had been established. Despite this, she caught up with him. After he was shot in the arm, she treated him by bandaging his arm with his own uniform, as well as other wounded soldiers.[9][3][10] After treating her husband, she grabbed a rifle and took part in the battle, later attempting to board the Peruvian gunboat Amazonas, only to be ordered to get off by military personnel.[9]
Later life edit
She died in Iquitos on November 11, 1989.[2][3][11] She is remembered and referred to as a heroine in Peruvian history, most specifically in the history of Loreto.[12][13][14][15]
Rosa Panduro District was created in 2014, named in her honor.[16]
References edit
- ^ Rosas Lauro, Claudia, ed. (2021). Mujeres de armas tomar. La participación femenina en las guerras del Perú republicano (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Peru: Ministerio de Defensa. ISBN 978-612-48618-0-2.
- ^ a b c Del Mar Alcázar, Gerardo (1980). Conflicto militar del Perú con el Ecuador, 1941, en el teatro de operaciones del nor-oriente (in Spanish). Lima. p. 132.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d Zanabria Zamudio, Rómulo (1996). La Campaña de 1941: Perú–Ecuador (in Spanish). Editora Impresora Amarilys. p. 475.
- ^ Morey Ríos, Selva. Conmemoración nacional de Fiestas Patrias y heroísmo loretano (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana. p. 2.
- ^ "Battle of Pantoja and Rocafuerte". Peruvian Navy.
- ^ Macías Núñez, Edison (2012). EL EJÉRCITO ECUATORIANO EN LA CAMPAÑA INTERNACIONAL DE 1941 Y EN LA POST GUERRA (in Spanish). Quito: Centro de Estudios Históricos del Ejército. pp. 130, 148–156.
- ^ Monteza Tafur, Miguel (1979). El Conflicto Militar del Perú con el Ecuador. Editorial Universo S.A. pp. 124–166, 240–246.
- ^ "Acta del 6 de Julio de 1936". Enciclopedia del Ecuador.
- ^ a b Apuntes histórico militares del Perú, 1909-1941 (in Spanish). Comisión Permanente de la Historia del Ejército del Perú. 2006. pp. 116–117.
- ^ Coriat G., Juan E. (1946). Un amargado (in Spanish). Librería Coriat. p. 57.
- ^ Almanaque de Loreto (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. 2001. p. 54.
- ^ "Sesión de Junta General Ordinaria del Sábado 7 de Diciembre de 1963". Revista de la Sociedad Fundadores de la Independencia. Fundadores de la Independencia. 1963-12-07.
- ^ Boletín bibliográfico (in Spanish). Vol. 39. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. 1966. p. 170.
- ^ Coriat G., Juan E. (1943). El hombre del Amazonas y Ensayo monográfico de Loreto (in Spanish). Librería Coriat. p. 183.
- ^ 7 [i.e. siete] días del Perú y del mundo (in Spanish). Lima: La Prensa. 1972. p. 5.
- ^ "Ley de Creación de la Provincia de Putumayo en el Departamento de Loreto" (PDF). Congress of Peru. El Peruano. 2014-05-06.