Roman Andreyevich Rudenko (Russian: Рома́н Андре́евич Руде́нко, Ukrainian: Роман Андрійович Руденко; 7 August [O.S. 25 July] 1907[1][2] – 23 January 1981) was a Soviet lawyer and statesman.
Roman Rudenko | |
|---|---|
Роман Руденко | |
.jpg) Rudenko opens the Soviet prosecution at the International Military Tribunal | |
| Procurator General of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 1 July 1953 – 23 January 1981 | |
| Premier | Georgy Malenkov Nikolai Bulganin Nikita Khrushchev Alexei Kosygin Nikolai Tikhonov |
| Preceded by | Grigory Safonov |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Rekunkov |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 August [O.S. 25 July] 1907 Nosivka, Nezhinsky Uyezd, Chernihiv Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | January 23, 1981 (aged 73) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1926–1981) |
| Profession | Lawyer, civil servant |
Procurator-General of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1953, Rudenko became Procurator-General of the entire Soviet Union after 1953. He is well known internationally for acting as chief prosecutor for the USSR at the 1946 trial of the major Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg. He was also chief prosecutor at the "Trial of the Sixteen" (Polish Underground leaders) held in Moscow the year before. At the time he served at Nuremberg, Rudenko held the rank of Lieutenant-General within the USSR Procuracy.
In 1961 Rudenko was elected to the CPSU Central Committee. In 1972 he was awarded the Soviet honorary title of Hero of Socialist Labour.
Ukrainian SSR to 1953
editRudenko was one of the chief commandants of NKVD special camp Nr. 7, a former Nazi concentration camp, until its closure in 1950.[3] Of the 60,000 prisoners incarcerated there under his supervision, at least 12,000 died due to malnutrition and disease.[4]
In October 1951, as Procurator-General of the Ukrainian SSR, he personally led prosecution in the trial of OUN member Mykhailo Stakhur who in October 1949 killed the writer Yaroslav Halan.
Soviet Union 1953–1981
editAfter the arrest of Lavrentiy Beria in 1953, Rudenko was a judge at the closed trial at which Stalin's last secret police chief was sentenced to death.
In 1960, he acted as the chief prosecutor in U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers' espionage trial.[5]
As Procurator General of the Soviet Union, Rudenko played a major role in devising measures to deal with the growing dissident movement within the USSR.
In 1967, he and then KGB chairman Vladimir Semichastny submitted proposals as to how to deal with those defending the writers Yuli Daniel and Andrei Sinyavsky during and after their trial, without provoking a strong reaction abroad or within the country. This included mention of the "mental illness" suffered by several prominent dissidents.[6] One measure, proposed jointly with Yuri Andropov in late 1972, was to reduce the number of arrests and convictions by reinforcing the issue of "prophylactic" warnings to individuals, cautioning them that their activities could lead to prosecution under Articles 70 and 1901 of the RSFSR Criminal Code.[7]
References
edit- ^ Метрическая книга Николаевской церкви м. Носовка. 1907[permanent dead link] // Государственный архив Черниговской области. Ф. 679. Оп. 10. Д. 1325. Л. 189об–190. (russian)
- ^ A lot of sources give other dates of birth: July 30 [O.S. July 17] 1907 or July 7, 1907.
- ^ Utley, Freda (1949). "6. The Nuremberg Judgments". The High Cost of Vengeance. Henry Regnery Company.
- ^ "The Soviet special camp No.7 / No. 1 1945 – 1950". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ Powers, Francis (2004). Operation Overflight: A Memoir of the U-2 Incident. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 120. ISBN 9781574884227.
- ^ Joint KGB-Procurator-General's Memorandum to Central Committee, 27 January 1967 (Pb 32/5), Bukovsky Archive online.
- ^ Joint KGB-Procurator-General's Memorandum to Central Committee, 16 November 1972 (Pb 67/XVI), Bukovsky Archive online.
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Further reading
edit- Robert E. Conot, Justice at Nuremberg, Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1984, ISBN 0-88184-032-7
- Александр Звягинцев. «Руденко». Молодая гвардия, 2007 г. ISBN 978-5-235-03081-7