Qulonggongba Formation

The Qulonggongba Formation is a Late Triassic (Norian) geologic formation in southern Tibet, near to the border with Nepal, that is part of the Langjiexue Group.[3] It would have been a marine environment.[4]

Qulonggongba Formation
Stratigraphic range: Norian,
~215.56–212.0 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofLangjiexue Group
UnderliesQudenggongba Formation & Derirong Formation
OverliesTulong Group
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone[1]
OtherSiltstone, sandstone, limestone[1]
Location
Coordinates25°30′N 104°54′E / 25.5°N 104.9°E / 25.5; 104.9
Approximate paleocoordinates11°42′N 94°12′E / 11.7°N 94.2°E / 11.7; 94.2
RegionSouthern Tibet
Country China
ExtentNyalam, Tingri[1]
Type section
Named forCholung Gompa [zh]
Named byQingge Gu
LocationLongjiang Xishan, 2 km west of Longjiang Village, southern Tingri[2]
Year defined1965
Qulonggongba Formation is located in China
Qulonggongba Formation
Qulonggongba Formation (China)
Qulonggongba Formation is located in Tibet
Qulonggongba Formation
Qulonggongba Formation (Tibet)

Vertebrate fauna

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Reptiles

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Genus Species Material Notes
Himalayasaurus H. tibetensis[4] Fragmentary skeletons A gigantic ichthyosaur

Cartilaginous fish

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Genus Species Presence Notes
Hybodontidae gen. indet. Indeterminate[3]

Conodonts

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Notes
Epigondolella E. multidentata[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Metapolygnathus Indeterminate[6]

Invertebrates

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Ammonites

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Notes
Acanthinites Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A ceratitid
Ammotibetites A. wheeleri[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Anasibirites A. kingianus[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Anatibetites Indeterminate[5] Longjiang Xishan, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Anatomites A. ex gr. "sissi"[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Indeterminate[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Arcestes Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
Cladiscites Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Cosmonautilus Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan A nautilid
Cyrtopleurites C. cf. agrippinae[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Indeterminate[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Dimorphites Indeterminate[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A ceratitid
Discophyllites Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone An ammonitid
Dittmarites D. lilliformis[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Ectolcites E. cf. hollandi[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Gonionotites Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Griesbachites G. pseudomedleyanus[2] Longjiang Xishan, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Indeterminate[2][5] Longjiang Xishan, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Guembelites G. jandianus[5] Longjiang, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
G. philostrati[2] Longjiang Xishan, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Halorites Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
?Hauerites Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
Indojuvavites I. angulatus[2] Kagangla Pass, Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A ceratitid
Juvavites J. cf. subinterruptus[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
J. continuus[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
J. sarasinii[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Megaphyllites Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
Metacarnites Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
"M. xizangensis"[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
?Mirojuvavites "M. xizangensis"[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A ceratitid
Parajuvavites Intermediate[2] Longjiang Xishan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
?Parathisbites Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
Paratibetites P. adolphi[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
?P. tornquisti[2] Longjiang Xishan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Indeterminate[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Pinacoceras Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Placites P. cf. oldhami[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan
Stenarcestes Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A ceratitid
?Thisbites Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan A ceratitid
Tibetites T. ryalli[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan A ceratitid
Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan

Bivalves

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Genus Species Location (section) Stratigraphic position Notes
Burmesia B. lirata[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone Member of Anomalodesmata
Cardita Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
Cassianella Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan Member of Ostreida
Halobia Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone Member of Ostreida
H. cf. distincta[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
H. sirri[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
H. cf. jagelskyi[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Indopecten I. margariticostatus[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A scallop
I. himalayensis[5] Tulong GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
?Lima Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan A file shell
Monotis M. salinaria[2] Longjiang Xishan Member of Pectinida
Myophoricardium M. tulongense[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone Member of Carditida
?Nucula Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan A nut clam
?Palaeocardia "P. singularis"[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
"P. rhomboidalis"[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Palaeoneilo P. cf. tirolensis[2] Sūrè Shan A nuculanid
Palaeonucula P. strigilata[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A nuculanid
P. subaequilatera tswayensis[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
"P. timorensis"[5] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Pecten Indeterminate[2] Sūrè Shan A scallop
Pleuromya P. himaica[2] Longjiang Xishan Member of Myida
Schafhaeutlia Indeterminate[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan A hatchet shell
Unionites U. griesbachi[2] Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan Member of Unionida
Veteranella V. (Ledoides) langnongensis[5][7] Tulong, Tingri Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone A nuculanid

Brachiopods

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Notes
Eoseptaliphoria E. intorta[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A rhynchonellid
E. tulungensis[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
"Himalarhynchia" "H. media"[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Nudirostralina N. griesbachi[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone A rhynchonellid
Pseudolepismatina P. nyalamensis[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone Member of Rhynchonellata
Tibetothyris T. depressa[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone Member of Terebratulida
Spiriferina S. shalshalensis[5] GriesbachitesGuembilites Zone
Indojuvavites angulatusEpigondolella multidentataHimalayasaurus Zone
Member of Rhynchonellata

References

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  1. ^ a b c Meng, Z.; Wang, J.; Ji, W.; Zhang, H.; Wu, F.; Garzanti, E. (2019). "The Langjiexue Group is an in situ sedimentary sequence rather than an exotic block:Constraints from coeval Upper Triassic strata of the Tethys Himalaya (Qulonggongba Formation)". Science China Earth Sciences. 62 (5): 783–797. doi:10.1007/s11430-018-9314-9.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Gu, Q. (1965). 西藏定日海相三迭纪地层 [Triassic marine strata in Tingri, Tibet]. Geological Review (in Chinese (China)). 23 (4): 256–262.
  3. ^ a b M.-M. Chang and F. Jin. (1996). Mesozoic fish faunas of China. In G. Arriata & G. Viohl (ed.), Mesozoic Fishes - Systematics and Paleoecology 1:461-478
  4. ^ a b Dong, Z.-M. (1972). 珠穆朗玛峯地区的鱼龙化石 [An ichthyosaur fossil from the Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) region]. In Young, C. C.; Dong, Z.-M. (eds.). 中国三迭纪水生爬行动物 [Aquatic Reptiles from the Triassic of China]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (in Chinese (China)). Vol. 9. pp. 7–10.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Zou, G.; Mao, Q.; Chen, Y.; Rao, R. (2006). 西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠纪生物地层研究 [A Research into Triassic Biostratigraphy of the Qomolongma Area in Southern Xizang (Tibet)]. Geological Review (in Chinese (China)). 52 (3): 386–395, 439–440.
  6. ^ An, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, T.; Zhang, Y.; Yuan, D.; Li, J. (2020). "Stable Carbon Isotope Perturbations Recorded in Triassic Tulong Group-Qulonggongba Formation of South Tibet". Earth Science (in Chinese (China)). 45 (8): 2964–2977. doi:10.3799/dqkx.2020.085.
  7. ^ Z. J. Fang, J. H. Chen, C. Z. Chen, J. G. Sha, X. Lan and S. Z. Wen. (2009). Supraspecific taxa of the Bivalvia first named, described, and published in China (1927-2007). The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, New Series.