Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium is characterized by the adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate.[3]: 788 The condition may be present at birth or acquired, and may cause pain with manipulation of small objects, typing, and close manicuring of the nail.[3]: 788 secondary due to connective tissue disorders. Pterygium inversum unguis is often asymptomatic.
| Pterygium inversum unguis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Pterygium inversus unguis,[1] and Ventral pterygium[2]: 660 |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Signs and symptoms edit
Pterygium inversum unguis is often asymptomatic. The most commonly reported symptom amongst those who do experience symptoms is bleeding or pain after clipping the affected nails.[4]
Causes edit
The cause of pterygium inversum unguis is unknown. Congenital pterygium inversum unguis is assumed to be brought on by an early abnormality in the fetal ridge and groove formation.[5] Idiopathic forms of pterygium inversum unguis may result from the nail bed's distal expansion, which often aids in the creation of the nail plate.[6] Secondary pterygium inversum unguis is thought to be caused by abnormal distal circulation.[7]
Diagnosis edit
A prominent hyperkeratotic stratum corneum with normal nail bed vasculature is seen upon histological analysis. It extends and is firmly linked to the underside of the nail plate.[5]
Treatment edit
The best way to address pterygium inversum unguis is unclear; many approaches, such as topical steroids, keratolytics, and electrocautery-assisted surgical excision, have been shown to be ineffective.[5] Treating the underlying cause of pterygium inversum unguis is the best course of action.[8]
Epidemiology edit
As of 2014, only 37 cases have been reported in literature.[5] Pterygium inversum unguis most commonly affects women ages 20-70.[4]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ^ a b James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ a b Caputo, Ruggero (1993-10-01). "Pterygium Inversum Unguis: Report of 19 Cases and Review of the Literature". Archives of Dermatology. 129 (10): 1307. doi:10.1001/archderm.1993.01680310077013. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ^ a b c d Baek, Ji Hye; Kim, Hei Sung; Park, Young Min; Kim, Hyung Ok; Cho, Baik Kee; Lee, Jun Young (2014). "A Case of Acquired Idiopathic Pterygium Inversum Unguis". Annals of Dermatology. 26 (3). Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology: 374. doi:10.5021/ad.2014.26.3.374. ISSN 1013-9087.
- ^ Caputo, Ruggero (1973-12-01). "Pterygium Inversum Unguis". Archives of Dermatology. 108 (6): 817. doi:10.1001/archderm.1973.01620270039009. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ^ Patterson, James W. (1977-10-01). "Pterygium Inversum Unguis-like Changes in Scleroderma: Report of Four Cases". Archives of Dermatology. 113 (10): 1429. doi:10.1001/archderm.1977.01640100107021. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ^ Paley, Kristina; English, Joseph C.; Zirwas, Matthew J. (2008). "Pterygium inversum unguis secondary to acrylate allergy". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 58 (2). Elsevier BV: S53–S54. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.040. ISSN 0190-9622.
Further reading edit
- Vadmal, Manjunath; Reyter, Ilya; Oshtory, Shaheen; Hensley, Benjamin; Woodley, David T. (2005). "Pterygium inversum unguis associated with stroke". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 53 (3). Elsevier BV: 500–502. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.04.057. ISSN 0190-9622.
- Balma, Alexandra; Pope, Elena (2010-01-28). "Acquired Idiopathic Pterygium Inversum Unguis". Clinical Pediatrics. 49 (4). SAGE Publications: 394–395. doi:10.1177/0009922809346731. ISSN 0009-9228.
- Oiso, N.; Narita, T.; Tsuruta, D.; Kawara, S.; Kawada, A. (2009). "Pterygium inversum unguis: aberrantly regulated keratinization in the nail isthmus". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 34 (7). Oxford University Press (OUP): e514–e515. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03601.x. ISSN 0307-6938.