Prince Demah (c. 1745—March 1778) was an American painter of African ancestry who was formerly enslaved and active in Boston in the late 1700s. According to The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Demah is "the only known enslaved artist working in colonial America whose paintings have survived."
Prince Demah | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1745 |
| Died | 1778 |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Robert Edge Pine |
| Known for | painting |
| Notable work | Portrait of William Duguid, Portrait of Henry Barnes, Portrait of Christian Barnes |
Life and career edit
Demah's mother was an enslaved woman named Daphney. Both he and his mother were baptized at Trinity Church, Boston, in 1745.[1]
Demah's purchase by Henry Barnes, a Boston merchant, was recorded in November 1769.[2] Barnes stated that he purchased Demah with the intention of "improving his genius in painting".[1] In October 1770, Barnes took Demah with him on a trip to London. In February of the following year, Barnes recorded that Demah received lessons from "Mr. Pine who has taken him purely for his genius". It is thought that this was the British portrait painter Robert Edge Pine, who was working in London at the time and later settled in Philadelphia.
There are three known surviving portraits by Demah. His portrait of William Duguid, a Scottish immigrant textile merchant based in Boston, is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.[3] The artist signed Duguid's portrait "Prince Demah Barnes" and dated it 1773.[4] The portraits of his owners Henry and Christian Barnes of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which were given to the Hingham Historical Society by Susan Barker Willard, although unsigned, are also thought to be by Demah.[4]
The Barneses were loyalists and fled to England in 1775 after a series of threatening incidents, including the tarring and feathering of Henry Barnes's horse.[1] Demah remained in Boston. In April 1777, at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Demah enlisted in the Massachusetts militia as a free man. The enlistment records show he identified himself as only "Prince Demah", discarding his former enslaver's name.
Demah died of an unknown illness, likely smallpox, the following year.[5][6] On March 11, 1778, he wrote his will, which he signed as "Prince Demah of Boston...a limner" and a "free Negro." Demah bequeathed his estate to his "Loving Mother Daphne Demah". His burial was recorded a week later at Trinity Church, Boston.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b c "Prince Demah, Portrait Painter". Out of the Archives: Exploring the Archives of the Hingham Heritage Museum. Hingham Historical Society. January 10, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ Reaves, Wendy Wick; National Portrait Gallery, eds. (2018). Beyond the face: new perspectives on portraiture. Washington, DC: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-1-911282-20-4.
- ^ "Prince Demah Barnes | Portrait of William Duguid | The Met". The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ a b c "Prince Demah Barnes: Portraitist and slave in colonial Boston - The Magazine Antiques". The Magazine Antiques. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- ^ "Portrait of William Duguid". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1773. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ "A Portrait". The Memory Palace. Nate DiMeo. February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
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