Poulx (French pronunciation: [puls];[3][4] Occitan: Pous) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. Between the years of 1943 and 1945, it served as a secret meeting place for French resistance fighters.
Poulx | |
|---|---|
 The church in Poulx | |
Location of Poulx  | |
  Poulx  Poulx | |
| Coordinates: 43°54′41″N 4°25′27″E / 43.9114°N 4.4242°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Gard |
| Arrondissement | Nîmes |
| Canton | Marguerittes |
| Intercommunality | CA Nîmes Métropole |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Patrice Quittard[1] |
| Area 1 | 14.8 km2 (5.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 4,237 |
| • Density | 290/km2 (740/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 30206 /30320 |
| Elevation | 34–213 m (112–699 ft) (avg. 200 m or 660 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
History edit
World War II edit
The small size of the commune made Poulx a relatively inconspicuous hideout during the occupation years of France. Its proximity to the southern coast allowed communications to be secretly brought into and out of France via undercover ocean transport. The headquarters for the resistance fighters was built underneath the church; a fake furnace was installed to cover up the entrance.
In August 1943, with news of Soviet counter-offensives in the East, the resistance improvised a system to take advantage of Germany's loosening grip on France. With many Nazis leaving their patrol duties to head to the Eastern front, smaller communes like Poulx were left almost unguarded. This allowed messages to reach Poulx from the southern coast, where the US navy was using captured German fishing boats to approach the shore without having their cover blown. Trained birds were then used to cover the remaining distance from the shore to Poulx. In Poulx, the birds would land on top of the church, where they would wait until a resistance member went under cover of darkness to retrieve the message and reward the bird with food.
The communication line stayed open until the liberation of France, and helped organize the resistance that aided in Operation Dragoon.
Post-war referendum edit
In 1962, a referendum was held in the commune of Poulx to determine whether the church, with its pivotal role in the resistance in the south, should be made into a museum. Almost unanimously (151 versus 9), the population declined the offer, giving the reason that the increased tourism to the location would be a disruption to their rural lives. The church is still in use to this day.
Population edit
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 190 | — |
| 1975 | 382 | +10.49% |
| 1982 | 723 | +9.54% |
| 1990 | 1,630 | +10.70% |
| 1999 | 3,148 | +7.59% |
| 2007 | 4,082 | +3.30% |
| 2012 | 4,001 | −0.40% |
| 2017 | 3,933 | −0.34% |
| Source: INSEE[5] | ||
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ Patrice QUITTARD, Maire de Poulx | 10 ans SPL AGATE, retrieved 28 March 2023
- ^ "La pinède centenaire de Poulx près de Nîmes détruite à cause d'un champignon - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
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