In genomics, the postgenomic era (or post-genomic era) refers to the time period from after the completion of the Human Genome Project to the present day. The name refers to the fact that the genetic epistemology of contemporary science has progressed beyond the gene-centered view of the earlier genomic era.[1] It is defined by the widespread availability of both the human genome sequence and of the complete genomes of many reference organisms.[2]
The postgenomic era is characterized by a paradigm shift in which new genetic research has upended many dogmas about the way in which genes influence phenotypes, and the way in which the term "gene" itself is defined.[3][4] This has included a new conceptualization of genes as being constituted during "genome expression",[5] and the creation of the discipline of functional genomics to analyze genomic data and convert it to useful information.[6] It has also seen major changes in the way scientific research is conducted and its results publicized, with open science initiatives allowing knowledge creation to occur well outside the traditional environment of the laboratory.[7] This has led to extensive debate about whether the best way to conduct genomic research is at a small or large scale.[8]
Soon after the HGP's results were initially announced in 2000, researchers predicted that these results would lead to individualized treatment and more accurate testing for human diseases.[9] More recently, researchers have suggested that the way in which human diseases are classified needs to be updated in light of the results of the HGP.[10]
References edit
- ^ Perbal, Laurence (2015-07-01). "The case of the gene: Postgenomics between modernity and postmodernity". EMBO Reports. 16 (7): 777–781. doi:10.15252/embr.201540179. PMC 4515116. PMID 26056161.
- ^ Meystre, Stephane M.; Narus, Scott P.; Mitchell, Joyce A. (2012). "Clinical Research in the Postgenomic Era". Clinical Research Informatics. Health Informatics. London: Springer London. pp. 113–131. doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-448-5_7. ISBN 9781848824478.
- ^ Chilibeck, Gillian; Lock, Margaret; Sehdev, Megha (June 2011). "Postgenomics, uncertain futures, and the familiarization of susceptibility genes". Social Science & Medicine. 72 (11): 1768–1775. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.053. PMC 4993211. PMID 20570031.
- ^ Charney, Evan (October 2012). "Behavior genetics and postgenomics" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 35 (5): 331–358. doi:10.1017/S0140525X11002226. hdl:10161/12550. PMID 23095378. S2CID 11650500.
- ^ Stotz, Karola C.; Bostanci, Adam; Griffiths, Paul E. (2006). "Tracking the Shift to 'Postgenomics'" (PDF). Public Health Genomics. 9 (3): 190–196. doi:10.1159/000092656. PMID 16741349. S2CID 9819311.
- ^ Eisenberg, David; Marcotte, Edward M.; Xenarios, Ioannis; Yeates, Todd O. (June 2000). "Protein function in the post-genomic era". Nature. 405 (6788): 823–826. doi:10.1038/35015694. PMID 10866208. S2CID 4398864.
- ^ Dove, Edward S.; Faraj, Samer A.; Kolker, Eugene; Özdemir, Vural (2012-11-29). "Designing a post-genomics knowledge ecosystem to translate pharmacogenomics into public health action". Genome Medicine. 4 (11): 91. doi:10.1186/gm392. PMC 3580424. PMID 23194449.
- ^ Guttinger, Stephan; Dupré, John (2016). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Genomics and Postgenomics". Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Peltonen, Leena; McKusick, Victor A. (2001-02-16). "Dissecting Human Disease in the Postgenomic Era". Science. 291 (5507): 1224–1229. doi:10.1126/science.291.5507.1224. PMID 11233446. S2CID 83313211.
- ^ Loscalzo, Joseph; Kohane, Isaac; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo (2007-01-01). "Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: A complex systems approach to human pathobiology". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 124. doi:10.1038/msb4100163. PMC 1948102. PMID 17625512.
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