Poleconomy is a board game invented by New Zealander Bruce E. Hatherley[1] and first published in 1980.[2][3][4] It is similar to Monopoly but the board is divided into companies rather than properties.[3] Players compete to acquire properties and investments through stylized economic and political activity. The playing time is set by agreement from all players, e.g. 2 hours, and the winner is determined by the monetary sum of all player cash, companies, insurance or other assets. The game can also end when there are no more companies, advertisements in the bank or bonds in the treasury. Another objective of the game is "to teach players some of the fundamentals of economics, and the ways in which the economy and the government interact."[5] Different editions were published for several different countries. The name Poleconomy is a portmanteau of "politics" and "economy".[6]
| Publishers | Tanner Couch; World Games |
|---|---|
| Players | 2–6 |
| Setup time | 5–10 minutes |
| Playing time | About 3 hours |
| Chance | Medium (dice rolling, card drawing, luck) |
| Age range | 8–adult |
| Skills | Simple mathematics such as counting, finding percentages and multiplication, economics, governmental procedure, social skills, negotiation |
History edit
Poleconomy was invented by Bruce Hatherley, a New Zealander from Christchurch who was living in Sydney at the time.[7] He first filed a US patent claim for it in January 1981.[1] It was published in 1980, first in an Australian edition, then a New Zealand edition. The New Zealand edition was produced by Tanner Couch and Robyn Larsen sold the squares on the board as advertising space to the actual companies represented. The New Zealand Stock Exchange was involved with the launch in Auckland.[7] It was also published by World Games.[2]
Hatherley contacted Canadian think tank the Fraser Institute to help introduce the game to Canada in 1983. Michael Walker, an employee of the Institute, sold the first squares as advertising and the rest were sold by stockbrokers, who had little other work because of a recession at the time. More than a million dollars was raised by the Institute and Poleconomy was credited with helping the Institute survive the recession.[5]
It was later sold in South Africa and the United Kingdom in other localised versions.[2][4] More than 1.5 million copies of Poleconomy have been sold internationally, incorporating the participation of 260 major corporate sponsors who leased advertising space in the separate national versions.[8] US patent 4,522,407 was granted for the game in 1985.[1]
The game of kingdom edit
Players compete to acquire properties and investments through stylized economic and political activity. This involves the purchase of real-world companies and advertising using artificial money. The players take turns moving around the board via the roll of the dice, landing on the gameboard squares and carrying out instruction according to the square's contents or player decision.
The game is unusual in its mirroring of real-world businesses for which it has licenses to use their trademarks. It also illustrates how political events such as government decisions and taxation affect the economy. The players take turns at being the prime minister or president through elections. Once in power they have the ability to dictate the levels of inflation and so increasing or decreasing rents for property owners. If a player cannot cover their rent, the debt is written off and they can continue, receiving a government salary; no-one becomes bankrupt. According to the rules the game ends when the central bank runs out of money.[3]
Enterprise Australia sponsored the game to "improve understanding of the free enterprise system" among schoolchildren, and sold over 100,000 copies.[9][10] The introduction to the rules of the New Zealand version quotes Enterprise New Zealand, "The game reflects the way industry, finance and government interact when private enterprise operates within a system of parliamentary democracy."[3]
Companies featured in the game edit
| Australian Edition (1st) | New Zealand Edition | Canadian Edition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company | Advertising | Company | Advertising | Company | Advertising |
| Boral | The Australian | DRG | Permaglide | Crane | Pentax |
| Bradmill | Australian Associated Stock Exchanges | Mitsubishi Forklifts | Sellotape | I P Sharp Associates | Global Television Network |
| CIG | Australia Post | Armourguard | Pakatoa Island | Bombardier | Central Trust |
| Clyde Industries | Breville | Anchor | Nylex | Molson | Iona |
| CRA | B&D Roll-A-Doors | Mount Cook Line | Decrabond | William Mercer Limited | Avco Financial Services |
| Eric White Associates | Dulux | Van Camp | Amalgamated Marketing | Allied Van Lines | Edmonton Oilers |
| George Pattersons | EAC - Estate Agents Cooperative | Tux | Air New Zealand | Penmans Canada | Wynn's |
| HC Sleigh | Holden | New Zealand Forest Products | Team McMillan Ford | Maple Leaf Mills | Loblaws |
| IBM | Hoyts | Europa | Stewart Wrightson | Kaufman Footwear | Lepage |
| ICI | Kodak | Hallmark | Pizza Hut | Dynamic Funds | Teleglobe Canada |
| John Sands | Lady Scott | Hertz | Kiwi Bacon | Fraser Institute[11] | Cheerios |
| Kinnears | Newsweek | IBM | Dulux | Midland Bank Canada | Caldwell Luxury Towels |
| Monier [1] | OPSM | ICI | Marac | Kraft | Golden |
| Nylex | Pal | NZIG | Mitre 10 | Delta Hotels | Actualite Newsmagazine |
| Olympic | Patra Fruit Juices | Watties | Heylen Research Centre | Neilson | Texmode Fashion Sheets |
| Pioneer | Reed Stenhouse | Whitcoulls | Choysa | Dow Chemical Canada | Scott |
| STC | Seppelt - Great Western [2] | Reidrubber | Amco | Victor | |
| TNT | Singapore Airlines | Donaghys | Hylin Laundry Services | CP Air | |
| Union Carbide | Skipper a Clipper | Lucas Service | Ralta | Ikea | |
| Wormald | Southern Pacific Hotel Corporation | Winstone | Atlantic and Pacific travel | ||
| FAS | Southern Pacific Corporation | Centra | Atlantic and Pacific Safety | Esso | |
| Streets | Network consultants | David Ingram's CENTRA | |||
| Trans Australia Airlines | GSI | ||||
| Telecom Australia Go Telex | Northern United Building Society | ||||
| Telecom Australia Phone STD Off-Peak | NZSE | ||||
| Vulcan | Heylen Research Centre | ||||
| New Zealand Times | |||||
Reception edit
Paul Cockburn reviewed Poleconomy for Imagine magazine, and stated that "Indeed, in a game where players are being cautious and keeping the amount of cash in front of them at a minimum (which limits the government's ability to tax) it's very hard not to bankrupt the country."[12]
In the March 1989 edition of Games International (Issue #3), John Harrington pointed out that "what we have here is a direct descendant of Monopoly." He found the voting system in the basic game, which was simply based on rolls of dice, "disappointing", and recommended that players move to the advanced game as quickly as possible. Harrington concluded by giving the game an average rating of 3 out of 5, saying, "I can give the advanced version of Poleconomy a recommendation, if only on the grounds that trying to stop the country going down the toilet is an illuminating experience."[13]
References edit
- ^ a b c Hatherley, Bruce E. (11 June 1985). "Financial board game".
- ^ a b c "Poleconomy". TheGames.co.nz. The Games. Archived from the original on 2009-04-07. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ a b c d Thomas, Ben; David Young (2 March 2007). "Neo-liberal ideas still dominate political agenda" (fee required). The National Business Review.
- ^ a b Stickels, Georgi (26 September 1994). "A lifetime spent at board level". Business Review Weekly. 16 (37): 67.
- ^ a b Graham, George; et al. Challenging Perceptions: Twenty-five Years of Influential Ideas: The Fraser Institute 1974–1999: A Retrospective (PDF). pp. 23–24. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ "Who is Brad Wall?". The Leader-Post. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ a b Samways, Ana (8 May 2009). "Sideswipe: Under my umberlla (sic)". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ "Poleconomy". Tripod.com.
- ^ Sharon Beder (2006). Free market missionaries. London: Earthscan. ISBN 978-1-84407-334-4.
- ^ Carey, Alex. "Taking the Risk out of Democracy", p. 117. University of Illinois Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-252-06616-0.
- ^ Donald E. Abelson (2002). Do think tanks matter?. p. 198. ISBN 9780773523173.
- ^ Cockburn, Paul (December 1984). "Notices". Imagine (review) (21). TSR Hobbies (UK), Ltd.: 22–23.
- ^ Harrington, John (March 1989). "General Games". Games International. No. 3. p. 7.