Wikipedia

Pirkko Eskola

Pirkko Eskola is a Finnish physicist. She discovered the chemical elements Rutherfordium and Dubnium whilst working at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Research edit

Eskola was a student of Matti Nurmia [fi] at the University of Helsinki. She worked on heavy ion physics.[1] In 1961 Eskola demonstrated that the half-life of Nobelium was 25 seconds.[2][3] Eskola joined Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1968 and stayed until 1972. She worked with Albert Ghiorso, James Andrew Harris and her husband, Kari Eskola [fi].[4] In 1969 she was part of the team that discovered Rutherfordium by bombarding californium-249 with Carbon-12.[5][6] In 1970 she discovered Dubnium using the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator, bombarding a target of californium-249 with nitrogen nuclei.[7][8] There was debate between Russia and America over who first discovered of Rutherfordium.[9] Eskola studied the alpha decay of Nobelium 255 and 257.[10] She went on to work on beta-unstable Alpha particle emitting nuclei.[11] [12] Using Alpha-particle spectroscopy she studied lawrencium isotopes 255 - 260 and Mendelevium isotopes 248 - 252.[13][14]

Her husband, Kari Eskola, was a professor of physics at the University of Helsinki.[15] She went on to have a career in science education.[4][16][17] She was an editor of the Finnish Physical Society journal Physica Fennica.[18] Eskola was a member of the American Physical Society Committee for Women in Physics.[19]

References edit

  1. ^ Leino, Matti (1983). Studies of alpha-active nuclei using a recoil spectrometer. University of Helsinki. ISBN 9789514531439.
  2. ^ Albert, Ghiorso; C, Hoffman Darleane; T, Seaborg Glenn (2000-01-21). The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. World Scientific. ISBN 9781783262441.
  3. ^ "CERN‐Serpukhov Collaboration Yields Data on Particle Yields". Physics Today. 22 (7): 71. July 1969. Bibcode:1969PhT....22g..71.. doi:10.1063/1.3035682. ISSN 0031-9228.
  4. ^ a b "Tributes to Albert Ghiorso | Berkeley Lab". News Center. 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  5. ^ "Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's team that reported the positive identification of two isotopes of element 104, Rutherfordium. Left to right: Matti Nurmia, Jim Harris, Kari and Pirkko Eskola, and Albert Ghiorso. XBB6903-01735 [Photographer: Donald Cooksey] - Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's team that reported the positive identification of two isotopes of element 104, Rutherfordium. Left to right: Matti Nurmia, Jim Harris, Kari and Pirkko Eskola, and Albert Ghiorso. XBB6903-01735 [Photographer: Donald Cooksey] | U.S. National Archives, Pirkko eskola". U.S. National Archives. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  6. ^ Edelstein, Norman M. (2013-09-11). Actinides in Perspective: Proceedings of the Actinides—1981 Conference, Pacific Grove, California, USA, 10-15 September 1981. Elsevier. ISBN 9781483190518.
  7. ^ (System), University of California (1969). University Bulletin: A Weekly Bulletin for the Staff of the University of California. Office of Official Publications, University of California.
  8. ^ Ghiorso, Albert; Nurmia, Matti; Eskola, Kari; Harris, James; Eskola, Pirkko (1970-06-29). "New Element Hahnium, Atomic Number 105". Physical Review Letters. 24 (26): 1498–1503. Bibcode:1970PhRvL..24.1498G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.1498.
  9. ^ GHIORSO, A.; NURMIA, M.; HARRIS, J.; ESKOLA, K.; ESKOLA, P. (February 1971). "Defence of the Berkeley Work on Alpha-emitting Isotopes of Element 104". Nature. 229 (5287): 603–607. Bibcode:1971Natur.229..603G. doi:10.1038/229603a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16059385. S2CID 32793305.
  10. ^ Eskola, Pirkko; Eskola, Kari; Nurmia, Matti; Ghiorso, Albert (1970-09-01). "Alpha Decay of $^{255}\mathrm{No}$ and $^{257}\mathrm{No}$". Physical Review C. 2 (3): 1058–1062. Bibcode:1970PhRvC...2.1058E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.2.1058.
  11. ^ Sanders, J. (2013-03-09). Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 5. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781468426823.
  12. ^ Ghiorso, Albert; Nurmia, Matti; Eskola, Kari; Eskola, Pirkko (1971-11-01). "Two New Alpha-Particle Emitting Isotopes of Element 105, $^{261}\mathrm{Ha}$ and $^{262}\mathrm{Ha}$". Physical Review C. 4 (5): 1850–1855. Bibcode:1971PhRvC...4.1850G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.4.1850.
  13. ^ Eskola, Kari (1971). "Studies of Lawrencium Isotopes with Mass Numbers 255 Through 260". Physical Review C. 4 (2): 632–642. Bibcode:1971PhRvC...4..632E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.4.632.
  14. ^ Eskola, Pirkko (1973). "Studies of Mendelevium Isotopes with Mass Numbers 248 Through 252" (PDF). Physical Review C. 7 (1): 280–289. Bibcode:1973PhRvC...7..280E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.7.280.
  15. ^ "Today at Berkeley Lab: Al Ghiorso's 90th Birthday Symposium -- A Roster of Stellar Speakers". www2.lbl.gov. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  16. ^ "ELEKTRA - projektisuunnitelma". elektra.helsinki.fi. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  17. ^ "A Web Publishing Project at VTT Information Service". www.ercim.eu. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  18. ^ Physica Fennica: Collected Reprints. 1973.
  19. ^ Physics, American Physical Society Committee on Women in (1972). Women in physics: a roster. Published for the American Physical Society by the American Institute of Physics.
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