Phoenix was a three-decker merchant ship built on the Thames in 1798. On a voyage in 1824 on which she first transported convicts to Van Diemen's Land she was damaged on the Sow and Pigs Reef inside Port Jackson Heads, New South Wales, Australia. She was then condemned and turned into a prison hulk. She was broken up in 1837.
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Phoenix |
| Namesake | Phoenix |
| Owner | |
| Builder | Randall & Brent, Rotherhithe[1] |
| Launched | 27 September 1798[1] |
| Fate | Broken up 1837 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 589,[2] or 58989⁄94,[1] or 610[3] (bm) |
| Crew | 70[3] |
| Armament | |
Career edit
Phoenix was launched in 1798 for Hibbert & Co., who were replacing an earlier Phoenix that they had just sold. Lloyd's Register for 1799 gives the name of the master of the new Phoenix as "Stimpson", and her trade as London-Jamaica, like that of her predecessor in 1790.[2]
On 1 December 1804, Captain John Graham received a letter of marque.[3]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1800[7] | Stimpson | Hibbert | London-Jamaica | 600 tons (bm) |
| 1805[4] | J. Douglas | Hibbert | London-Jamaica | 586 tons (bm) |
| 1810[5] | J. Taylor | Stimson | London-Jamaica | 584 tons (bm) |
| 1815[6] | J. Taylor | Turner | London-Jamaica | 600 tons (bm); |
| 1820[8] | Dawsons | London-India | 616 tons (bm) |
Final voyage edit
Phoenix, under the command of Captain Robert White and with surgeon Charles Quaede, left England on 29 March 1824, and arrived in Hobart, Tasmania, on 21 July 1824.[9] She was transporting 204 male convicts, and landed 202, two having died during the voyage.[10] From Hobart Phoenix sailed to Sydney.
Phoenix picked up a pilot just outside Sydney Heads but on entering the harbour struck the Sow and Pigs Reef.[11] HMS Tamar helped refloat Phoenix, but inspection determined that Phoenix's keel was so damaged that she could not be repaired in New South Wales.[12]
Prison hulk edit
The New South Wales Colonial Government bought Phoenix for £1000 and converted her to a prison hulk for convicts awaiting transportation to Norfolk Island and Moreton Bay. She thereby became Australia's first prison hulk.[13]
She was moored in Hulk Bay (now Lavender Bay).[11] She was considered a much better place to be imprisoned than on shore; contemporary reports described her as cleanly wholesome and ...spacious. She could hold up to 200 prisoners.[14] However, by 1837 Phoenix was in a "sinking state"; the government therefore grounded and auctioned her off.[15] for £145.[16] Her prisoners were temporarily housed on Goat Island.[17]
Fate edit
Thomas Hyndes broke her up in Cockle Bay in December 1837.[18]
Notes edit
Citations edit
- ^ a b c d Hackman (2001), p. 305.
- ^ a b c Lloyd's Register (1799).
- ^ a b c d "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.81 Archived July 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Register of Shipping (1805), Seq. №P222.
- ^ a b Register of Shipping (1805), Seq. №P298.
- ^ a b Register of Shipping (1805), Seq. №P339.
- ^ Register of Shipping (1800), Seq. №P217.
- ^ Register of Shipping (1805), Seq. №P305.
- ^ Bateson (1959), pp. 308–9.
- ^ Bateson (1959), p. 329.
- ^ a b Bateson (1972), p. 66, Vol. 1.
- ^ The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 16 Sep 1824, p.2.
- ^ Bateson (1972), pp. 210–11.
- ^ The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 20 July 1827, p2
- ^ The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser 7 November 1837, p.2.
- ^ The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 23 November 1837, p.2.
- ^ The Sydney Herald, 9 Nov 1837, p.3.
- ^ The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser 21 December 1837, p.2.
References edit
- Bateson, Charles (1959). The Convict Ships. Brown, Son & Ferguson. OCLC 3778075.
- Bateson, Charles (1972). Australian Shipwrecks - vol 1 1622-1850. Sydney: AH and AW Reed. ISBN 0-589-07112-2.
- Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
External links edit
- Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877, State Library of Queensland- includes digitised letters written to the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales regarding the Phoenix and its voyages as a prison hulk to penal settlements, such as the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement