Percy Maxim Lee was an American political and social reformer who was involved in leadership roles in various institutions. Most notably, she was the President of the League of Women Voters of the United States from 1950-1958. She was almost always called Mrs. John G. Lee in newspaper coverage.
Percy Maxim Lee[1] | |
|---|---|
| Born | July 4, 1906 |
| Died | November 9, 2002 (aged 96) |
League of Women Voters edit
Lee was president of the League of Women Voters of the United States from 1950 to 1958, during the period when Joseph McCarthy was alleging communist influence throughout the US government and other institutions. In 1951, in order to educate its members and the public about the importance of freedom of speech and thought, the League created a Freedom Agenda Committee, which published a document Individual Liberty USA. In 1955, the American Legion attacked the Freedom Agenda as disloyal to the United States. Percy Lee gave a speech in Indianapolis refusing to repudiate it.[2]: 247–258 This was also the beginning of the period of the largest membership growth in League history, from 1950 to 1970, growing from 126,000 members in 1954[3] to 156,780 in 1969.[2]: 247
Throughout her term as president Lee promoted the League's policy of supporting international cooperation. Before the 1952 convention of the League, Lee said that "Support of United States policies to strengthen the United Nations and to bring about international economic development continues to be a subject of great interest to membership."[4] In 1952, she announced a campaign to improve citizens' understanding of United States trade policy.[5] In 1953, she was active in a League of Women Voters campaign to promote "more solid backing of the United Nations, a more liberal international trade policy, and restoration of technical assistance (Point Four) funds" to foreign countries.[6][7] Under her leadership in 1954, the League program reaffirmed support of the United Nations and for "United States participation in international programs for regional defense, economic development, and technical assistance".[8] She later testified against the Bricker Amendment limiting Presidential treaty-making powers and strongly supported the League's study of international trade and individual liberty.[9][10] In 1955, as League president, she testified at a Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights hearing "against Senator Joseph McCarthy's abuse of Congressional investigative powers".[11][12] In 1956, Lee was re-elected for the fourth time and the program adopted included "individual liberties with an emphasis on loyalty-security programs and conservation with an emphasis on water resources". In her time as President of the League of Women Voters, Lee was generally referred to as Mrs. John G. Lee in newspaper coverage.[13][14]
She was president of the Connecticut State League during the time when the League was opposed to the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She quoted the League position in a letter to a proponent of the ERA that first, that it "would do violence to the political system embodied in our Constitution" by allowing Congress to make rules on matters formerly reserved to local bodies, and later, that it would create confusion and uncertainty and invite litigation.[15]
Other professional activity edit
In her professional life, Lee was a founder of The Renbrook School, served on the Board of Trustees of the Putney School and Connecticut College, and held various appointed positions, including Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees for Connecticut College, Chairman of the Capitol Region Planning Agency, and Chairman of the Consumer Advisory Council. She also served on the State Library Commission, the Commission on the Status of Women, and The Clean Water Task Force, and acted as a liaison between the public and The Foreign Operations Administration from 1954 to 1955. President John Kennedy and President Lyndon Johnson both appointed her to positions, including the Consumer Advisory Council and Public Land Law Review Commission.[16]
Personal life edit
Lee had held four honorary degrees (LL.D. from Rutgers University, Drexel Institute, Cedar Crest College, and LH.D. from the University of Hartford). She was married to John Glessner Lee and they had four children. Additionally, during World War II, the Lee family hosted two daughters of Oxford University professors and a German family of three in their home.[16]
References edit
- ^ "Percy Maxim Lee, 96 -- Leader of League of Women Voters". The New York Times. November 15, 2002. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ a b Stuhler, Barbara (2000). For the Public Record: A Documentary History of the League of Women Voters. Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313253164.
- ^ "Head of Voter Unit to Speak in Capital". The Anniston Star. September 24, 1954. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ "Women Map Agenda for League". Washington Evening Star. November 12, 1951. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ "Trade Policy to be topic of project". Washington Evening Star. November 22, 1952. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ "Women Map Study of World Affairs" (PDF). The New York Times. September 23, 1953. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ "Officers inducted by women voters" (PDF). The New York Times. April 19, 1950. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ Asbury, Edith Evans (May 1, 1954). "Women Voters again back U.N." (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ Asbury, Edith Evans (April 28, 1954). "Program upheld by women's head" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ "Women voters oppose plan" (PDF). The New York Times. January 14, 1954. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ Hearing before the subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-Fourth Congress, First Session. US Government Printing Office. September 17, 1955.
- ^ "Percy Maxim Lee a retrospective". The Free Library. 2003. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ "Women voters meet" (PDF). THe New York Times. May 1, 1956. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ Asbury, Edith Evans (May 4, 1956). "Water Study Set by Women Voters" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ Lee, Percy Maxim. "Document 9: Percy Maxim Lee to Florence L. C. Kitchelt" (20 July 1943) [Textual record]. Florence Ledyard Cross Kitchelt Papers, 1885-1961, Box: A-61, Box 6, Folder167. Women and Social Movements, Alexander Street.
- ^ a b "Lee, Percy Maxim". Hartford Courant. 12 November 2002. Retrieved 27 September 2022.