Pedro Gros or Pedro Gross (January 26, 1904 - January 31, 1998) was a Spanish painter and sculptor[1] of contemporary impressionist symbolism. He was also a jeweler, an actor,[2][3] and a businessman. He created the first doll brand in Spain[4] (known as El Mago Gros[5] in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s) and worked as a professor of fine arts, toys and crafts in the Americas.
Pedro Gross | |
|---|---|
 Gross in 1957 | |
| Born | Pedro Angulo Gross 26 January 1904 Madrid, Spain |
| Died | 31 January 1998 (aged 94) Medellin, Colombia |
| Resting place | Medellin |
| Education | Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando mainly self-taught autodidact |
| Known for | painting, sculpture, actor, toymaker |
| Notable work |
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| Movement | impressionism symbolism contemporary |
| Spouses | Josefina Agramunt
(m. 1928–1957)Ana Suárez (m. 1968) |
| Children |
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| Signature | |
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First years edit
The work of Pedro Gross was greatly influenced by a difficult personal life that started in childhood. He did not know his father and lost his mother, Adela Gros (dressmaker and jeweler) to breast cancer when he was 10 years old. He found himself in the midst of deep poverty, with two younger siblings to care for.
In 1921, in the stead of his brother Antonio, he enlisted in the army to go to the front lines[6] of the Rif War. In the Battle of the Rif in Tetouan, he witnessed the atrocities committed during the conflict. It was there that he first showed his artistic talent by making pencil portraits of the soldiers and commanders. He became the sketch artist of the Rif campaign.
On his return to Spain, he worked for the ABC newspaper and became close friends with Antonio Mingote, from the Luca de Tena family. In so doing he entered the circle of artists of the Café Varela.
He married Josefina Agramunt and they had their first child who died tragically in a domestic accident. This event marked him forever.
In 1930, he held his first exhibition of portraits in the Heraldo Salon in Madrid,[7] with the sculptor Fernando Boada. The ease, strength and expressiveness of his portraits stood out. This was one of the early steps in his path to creating the first doll brand in Spain: Gros. The first dolls were characters from Salvador Bartolozzi and Mingote stories.
His second daughter Delia (Dalilah) was born with Josefina Agramunt, who was a famous child prodigy of Spanish dance, who converted to Arabic dance and was the most important artist of the genre in the 1960s and 1970s.
When the civil war broke out in Spain, the artist's studio and factory were burned down due to the refusal of the republican and nationalist sides to manufacture thousands of satirical and propaganda dolls for children.
Awards in Spain edit
In 1940s and 1950s in Spain, Pedro was one of the personalities of the artistic and bohemian life of Madrid.[8][9] Winner of medals of honor from the Autumn salons in consecutive years from 1947 to 1950[10][11][12] with the works: La Maja del Capote, Doña Blanca de los Ríos, Los Monaguillos and Sendas Obstinada.
Trilogy edit
Formed by three large-format canvases, the first, The Tree of Poets, 1957,[13][14] (Currently located in the History Museum of Madrid[15]) is a cinemascope-format oil canvas. It is an allegory for love and reunion, despite the horrors, wounds and hatred sown in the Spanish civil war. The allegory shows love as a creative, regenerating universal force, represents the hope of peace and equality and was the farewell to Spain, capturing 79 intellectuals,[16] women and men of the time, among which are the poets of the gathering "Verses with skirts"[17][18] of the Café Varela on Preciados street, to which he pays tribute.
With this first work, he conceives the idea of traveling through the Americas, making a pilgrimage with the second work and the centerpiece of the trilogy:
Inferno of the World edit
1958 Beirut -1991 Medellín. Perhaps one of the largest space-time formats in the history of pictorial art, a colossal nomadic mural that for 33 years he was painting and exhibiting continuously, traveling through the United States, South America and Central America. It is a singular piece of contemporary symbolism that represents hatred as a human scourge, narrating its horrors and miseries in the history of humanity, cryptically creating a retrospective and prospective of its characters and world events, through a colossal octopus. which symbolizes the 8 deadly sins (According to Gross, the eighth sin is stupidity). In the painting he defends the need for change, in the face of the evils that will increasingly haunt the planet: devastation and climate change, helpless and exploited children, intolerance, political corruption, nationalisms, populisms, automation...
The trilogy closes with the play: A New Man, 1990. It is an allegory of the encounter in greed, performed at the Yalta Conference after defeating the aberrant Nazi regime. On the canvas they represent the elements that gave birth to the so-called new order and the cold war between the new powers after the conflict.
Ambassador of art and universal values in the Americas edit
A stage of itinerant activity in Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador and the United States, with exhibitions of his work and The Inferno of the World in the main museums and salons of Latin America,[19][20][21][22][23][24] an activity that alternated with teaching work in fine arts and crafts for homeless or disabled children and youth.
He married Ana Suárez in Colombia in 1968 and had two children Jaime Gross in Bogotá, Colombia and Ana Helena Gross in San José, Costa Rica.
During the journey through the Americas from 1957 to 1998, his work elicited intense reactions against and in favor, such as friendship with the great Costa Rican statesman Pepe Figueres and the first Lady Karen Olsen, also with the presidents of Colombia Alberto Lleras Camargo and Carlos Lleras Restrepo. In Panama in 1972, President Omar Torrijos bid for the purchase of The Inferno of the World mural and the artist's refusal forced him to leave the country.
The attempts on his life in San Salvador 1977 were also highlighted, for making the posthumous monument to the priest Rutilio Grande, assassinated by the death squads. Affectionately called "Father Tilo", he was a promoter of the fight against hatred and violence, he was the founder of reflection gatherings with the so-called "delegates of the word" with priests and peasants in the middle of the Salvadoran civil war.
Back in Colombia in the eighties he also suffered threats for including in The Inferno of the World the Crimes of Tacueyó by the FARC, for the interview on the television program Correo Cultural, in which he was interviewed by Gloria Valencia de Castaño[25] and the program Atando Cabos (Tying up the dots)[26] of the captain and presenter Adolfo Vale Berrío in which, live and direct, he incorporated the last character and the last brushstrokes of The Inferno of the World.
In the last years of artistic activity in the United States, at the age of 92, large exhibitions were scheduled at the World Trade Center in Miami,[27] but strong episodes of reactive depression caused the event to be canceled.
Back in Colombia for treatment and confinement, he died a natural death at the age of 94 in Medellín in 1998.
References edit
- ^ Gros, Pedro. "Real academia de bellas artes de San Fernando".
- ^ Gros, Pedro. "Gloria, 1928. Movie by Adolfo Aznar. With Pedro Gros". IMDb.
- ^ "Agustina de Aragón, 1929. Movie by Florian Rey and Pedro Gros". IMDb.
- ^ Quiroga de Paz, José Antonio (2010). One hundred years playing (1870–1970) (in Spanish). Obra Social de Caja Círculo de Burgos. ISBN 978-8489805316.
- ^ "Lagos, Ramiro (2012/09). La Alcazaba. Nº 37 El Mago Gross. La alcazaba de Jordán. Jaén".
- ^ "Diario oficial del Ministerio de la guerra". Peticion de Destinos. Grupo de Fuerzas Regulares Indigenas de Alhucemas Nº5: 4.
- ^ Gros, Pedro. "Catálogo Salón de Otoño XI, 1930" (PDF). Gaceta de Bellas Artes. Asociación de pintores y escultores.
- ^ Figures of Today: National Illustrated Biographical Encyclopedia of Today's Personalities, Issue 1 (in Spanish). Michigan University. 1951. p. 287.
- ^ "Magazines and War 1936-1939". Reina Sofía National Art Center Museum.
- ^ "Salón de Otoño XXII Palacio de exposiciones del Retiro" (PDF). Gaceta de Bellas Artes.
- ^ "Salon de Otoño XXIV Palacio de exposiciones del Retiro" (PDF). Gaceta de Bellas Artes.
- ^ "Salon de Otoño XXIV Palacio de exposiciones del Retiro" (PDF). Gaceta de Bellas Artes. Catálogo del Salón de Otoño XXIV Palacio de exposiciones del Retiro.
- ^ Izquierdo Vozmediano, Marcelino. "La Rioja Tierra Abierta. Revista Velezos 26" (PDF). Fundacion Caja Rioja.
- ^ Sanchez Salas, Bernardo (2018). La Tertulia Pintada, Azcona en el cuadro (in Spanish). Editorial Aborígen. ISBN 978-84-09-03048-4.
- ^ Asión Suñer, Ana. "Resumen. La Tertulia Pintada" (PDF). Department of Art History of the University of Zaragoza.
- ^ Gistain, Mariano. "El cuadro de Pedro Gros que inmortalizó a los 79 poetas del Café Varela resucita en un libro del festival de cine 'Octubre Corto' de Arnedo". 20 Minutos.
- ^ "Versos con Faldas". Radio Nacional de España. 22 August 2019.
- ^ Castro, Xavier (28 October 2023). "El Varela: un café para una generación de poetas". Diario de Pontevedra. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
- ^ Barney Cabrera, Eugenio (March 1958) [1958/03/01]. "National Museum. Colombia. Banco de la Republica de Colombia. 1 de marzo de 1958". Banco de la Republica de Colombia. 1 (2): 38–41.
- ^ "La Tertulia Museum, Cali, Colombia. Exhibition of paintings". Museo la Tertulia. 11 May 1958 [16 de Mayo de 1958].
- ^ Barney Cabrera, Eugenio (1958). "Pedro Gross exhibition at the Luis Ángel Arango Bank of the Republic of Colombia. 1958". Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
- ^ "Banco Central de Costa Rica. Exposicion de pinturas de Pedro Gross. 1974".
- ^ "Centro Cultural El Salvador-Estados Unidos. San salvador, El Salvador".
- ^ Barney Cabrera, Eugenio (9 March 2024) [1958/03/01]. "Arte y artistas en la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango. Pedro Gross". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel Cervantes.
- ^ "RTI Televisión Colombia. Programa Correo Cultural".
- ^ "Cinevisión, "Atando cabos", Todo lo insólito contado por Adolfo Valle Berrío. 1986". 14 January 1999.
- ^ "World Trade Center Miami. Pedro Gross Exhibition (Cancelled)".
External links edit
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