No. 4 Operational Training Unit (No. 4 OTU) was an operational conversion unit of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during the Second World War. It was formed at Williamtown, New South Wales, in October 1942 to train pilots and wireless air gunners to operate Vultee Vengeance dive bombers. The school was equipped with Vengeances and CAC Wirraway aircraft. Accidents were common in operational conversion units and No. 4 OTU suffered several fatal crashes during its existence. It was disbanded in April 1944, handing Williamtown over to No. 5 Operational Training Unit.
| No. 4 Operational Training Unit RAAF | |
|---|---|
 Vultee Vengeance dive bomber at Williamtown, c. 1943 | |
| Active | 1942–44 |
| Country | Australia |
| Branch | Royal Australian Air Force |
| Role | Operational training |
| Garrison/HQ | Williamtown, New South Wales |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | Vultee Vengeance |
| Trainer | CAC Wirraway |
History edit
During the Second World War, the RAAF established eight operational training units (OTUs) to convert recently graduated air crews from advanced trainers to combat aircraft and to add fighting ability to the flying skills they had already learned.[1] No. 4 OTU was formed on 1 October 1942 at Williamtown to convert crews to the Vultee Vengeance dive bomber, 400 of which had been ordered by the RAAF (344 were eventually delivered).[2][3] No. 4 OTU's inaugural commanding officer was Wing Commander E.G. Fyfe. The first pilots and wireless air gunner trainees arrived from No. 12 Squadron on 28 October 1942, and undertook a Vengeance conversion course that ran until 25 November. By the end of the month, No. 4 OTU's strength stood at seven Vengeances. These were augmented in January 1943 by the unit's first CAC Wirraway, which students flew before commencing their Vengeance conversion course.[2]
OTUs, employing as they did warplanes that were more advanced and more powerful than trainers and teaching combat techniques that often carried high risk, generally suffered higher accident rates than other flying training schools.[4] On 3 March 1943, a Wirraway of No. 4 OTU crashed near Williamtown, killing both crewmen. Two others died when their Vengeance crashed and burned near Goulburn during a cross-country exercise on 4 August.[2][5] On 16 August, a Vengeance flew into trees after apparently pulling out late from a dive, resulting in two fatalities.[6] A Vengeance blew up in flight during dive-bombing practice at Williamtown on 14 September, killing both crewmen.[2][7] On 5 October, a Vengeance on a dive-bombing exercise crashed into the sea near Newcastle; both crewmen were reported as missing, believed killed.[8] No. 4 OTU suffered two more fatalities when a Vengeance struck a hill near Braidwood during a cross-country flight on 26 November 1943.[9] Another Vengeance hit the water and exploded in Nelson Bay on 7 April 1944 after failing to recover from a dive, killing the two-man crew.[10]
On 1 December 1943, Squadron Leader R.E. Bell took over command of No. 4 OTU on a temporary basis, handing over to Flight Lieutenant R. Tuel-Wilkinson on 27 April 1944.[2] The Vengeances had meanwhile been withdrawn from operations in the South West Pacific theatre, having flown their last combat mission on 8 March.[11] No. 4 OTU was disbanded on 30 April 1944. A small detachment remained to hand over the Williamtown base to an advance party of No. 5 OTU the following day.[2][12] The rest of No. 5 OTU transferred from Tocumwal to Williamtown during July.[2] By the time No. 4 OTU disbanded, the school's Vengeances had accumulated 7,593 flying hours and the Wirraways 7,646 hours.[12]
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, p. 71
- Stephens, Going Solo, pp. 167–168, 364 - ^ a b c d e f g RAAF Historical Section, Training Units, p. 70
- ^ Johnston, Whispering Death, p. 344
- ^ Johnston, Whispering Death, p. 30
- Mordike, The Home Front, p. 38 - ^ Royal Australian Air Force (1943–44). "Vengeance A27 [Accidents Part 2]". pp. 4–7. Retrieved 22 March 2016 – via National Archives of Australia.
- ^ Royal Australian Air Force (1943–44). "Vengeance A27 [Accidents Part 2]". pp. 62–65. Retrieved 22 March 2016 – via National Archives of Australia.
- ^ Royal Australian Air Force (1943–44). "Vengeance A27 [Accidents Part 2]". pp. 9–12. Retrieved 22 March 2016 – via National Archives of Australia.
- ^ Royal Australian Air Force (1942–44). "Vengeance A27 [Accidents Part 1]". pp. 67–71. Retrieved 22 March 2016 – via National Archives of Australia.
- ^ Royal Australian Air Force (1943–44). "Vengeance A27 [Accidents Part 3]". pp. 53–56. Retrieved 22 March 2016 – via National Archives of Australia.
- ^ Royal Australian Air Force (1943–44). "Vengeance A27 [Part 3]". pp. 34–37. Retrieved 22 March 2016 – via National Archives of Australia.
- ^ Odgers. Air War Against Japan (PDF). pp. 196–198.
- ^ a b "Williamtown units during WWII". Royal Australian Air Force. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
References edit
- Johnston, Mark (2011). Whispering Death: Australian Airmen in the Pacific War. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74175-901-3.
- Mordike, John, ed. (1996). The Home Front – Mainland Australia and the Southwest Pacific Area 1939–1945: The Proceedings of the 1995 RAAF History Conference (PDF). Canberra: Air Power Studies Centre. ISBN 0-642-24551-7.
- Odgers, George (1968) [1957]. Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume II – Air War Against Japan 1943–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 1990609.
- RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 8: Training Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42800-7.
- Stephens, Alan (1995). Going Solo: The Royal Australian Air Force 1946–1971. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42803-1.
- Stephens, Alan (2006) [2001]. The Royal Australian Air Force: A History. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-555541-4.
Further reading edit
- Lever, John (1999). No. 4 OTU RAAF Williamtown and RAAF Vultee Vengeance Operations. Koorlong, Victoria: Self-published. ISBN 187670912X.