Nizhny Bestyakh (Russian: Ни́жний Бестя́х; Yakut: Аллараа Бэстээх, Allaraa Besteex) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Megino-Kangalassky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the east bank of the Lena River, opposite the republic's capital city of Yakutsk, 34 kilometers (21 mi) from Mayya, the administrative center of the district.[2] As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,518.[3]
Nizhny Bestyakh
Нижний Бестях | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Yakut | Аллараа Бэстээх |
 In Nizhny Bestyakh | |
Location of Nizhny Bestyakh  | |
  Nizhny Bestyakh Location of Nizhny Bestyakh  Nizhny Bestyakh Nizhny Bestyakh (Sakha Republic) | |
| Coordinates: 61°58′N 129°55′E / 61.967°N 129.917°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic[2] |
| Administrative district | Megino-Kangalassky District[2] |
| Settlement | Settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh[2] |
| Founded | 1920 |
| Urban-type settlement status since | 1971[2] |
| Elevation | 138 m (453 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 3,518 |
| • Capital of | Settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh[2] |
| • Municipal district | Megino-Kangalassky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Nizhny Bestyakh Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Nizhny Bestyakh Urban Settlement[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (MSK+6 [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 678080 |
| OKTMO ID | 98629155051 |
| 2010 Census | 3,518[3] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 3,327[7] |
| 1989 Census | 3,997[8] |
| 1979 Census | 3,363[9] |
History
editThe predecessor of Nizhny Bestyakh was called Yarmanka (sometimes spelled Yarmonka or Yarmonga). Here, at the mouth of the Suola River, from about 1750 to 1850, pack horses were loaded for the long journey down to the Okhotsk Coast. A ferry service was founded in 1772 and operated by exiles for five months a year. It was a gathering place for merchants and cargoes bound eastward. There was ample grass for the herds of cattle and pack horses.[10]
Urban-type settlement status was granted to Nizhny Bestyakh in 1971.[2]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh[1] is incorporated within Megino-Kangalassky District as the Settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh.[2] As a municipal division, the Settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh is incorporated within Megino-Kangalassky Municipal District as Nizhny Bestyakh Urban Settlement.[4]
Transportation
editNizhny Bestyakh is the terminus of the only road connection to Yakutsk, the Lena Highway, and is the starting point of the Kolyma Highway, leading to Magadan and the Pacific Ocean coast further east. A ferry allows for transport across the Lena River in summer; in winter, traffic drives directly across the ice on the frozen river. In spring and fall, the crossing is not possible due to the movement of ice.
Nizhny Bestyakh was planned to be the terminus of the Amur–Yakutsk Mainline; however, plans now call for a road and a rail bridge to be built further upstream, allowing a year-round land transport connection with Yakutsk.[11] In future, Nizhny Bestyakh may find itself on the route for planned extensions of the railway towards Magadan. There are plans to make it a transportation hub for northeastern Siberia and to eventually grant it town status.[12] The railhead for construction of the railway reached Nizhny Bestyakh in late 2011. In October 2019, the European Rail Timetable compilers report that a passenger train is now running on alternate days on the Amur-Yakutsk main line, terminating at Nizhny Bestyakh.[13]
A three kilometre car bridge over the Lena River might be ready by 2025 after Vladimir Putin's decisive ‘the situation matured to implementation’ resolution on the draft project, reported Kommersant newspaper in November 2019.[14]
Geography
editClimate
editNizhny-Bestyakh has an extremely continental subarctic climate (Köppen Climate Classification Dfd). Despite extreme winters, summers can be quite warm due to lack of any maritime moderation, sometimes exceeding 30 °C (86 °F), similar to nearby Yakutsk. Indeed, the summers are probably the warmest on average for Dfd/Dsd/Dwd climates. The climate is very dry and most precipitation occurs in warmer months.
| Climate data for Yakutsk, a city next to NB, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1891–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −11.5 (11.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
35.1 (95.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −35.7 (−32.3) |
−28.7 (−19.7) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−23.2 (−9.8) |
−34.6 (−30.3) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −38.6 (−37.5) |
−33.8 (−28.8) |
−20.1 (−4.2) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−37.6 (−35.7) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −41.5 (−42.7) |
−38.2 (−36.8) |
−27.4 (−17.3) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
−40.4 (−40.7) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −63.0 (−81.4) |
−64.4 (−83.9) |
−54.9 (−66.8) |
−41.0 (−41.8) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−40.9 (−41.6) |
−54.5 (−66.1) |
−59.8 (−75.6) |
−64.4 (−83.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) |
8 (0.3) |
7 (0.3) |
8 (0.3) |
20 (0.8) |
36 (1.4) |
39 (1.5) |
37 (1.5) |
31 (1.2) |
18 (0.7) |
16 (0.6) |
10 (0.4) |
237 (9.3) |
| Average rainy days | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 3 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 4 | 0.1 | 0 | 83 |
| Average snowy days | 28 | 28 | 17 | 10 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0 | 4 | 25 | 28 | 27 | 172 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 76 | 70 | 60 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 67 | 72 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 69 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 19 | 97 | 234 | 274 | 303 | 333 | 347 | 273 | 174 | 106 | 59 | 12 | 2,231 |
| Source 1: Погода и Климат[15] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[16] | |||||||||||||
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b According to Article 7 of the Law #77-I, lower-level administrative divisions with the status of a settlement have their administrative centers in an inhabited locality with the status of an urban-type settlement. According to the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic, Nizhny Bestyakh is the administrative center of the Settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d Law #173-Z 353-III
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
- ^ James R. Gibson. Feeding the Russian Fur Trade, 1969
- ^ "Sakha Information Server". www.sakha-info.ru. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
- ^ RIA Novosti. В Якутии появится новый город (in Russian)
- ^ Simon Calder (October 3, 2019). "NEW RAIL LINK TO WORLD'S COLDEST CITY OPENS". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022.
- ^ "Vladimir Putin approves Russia's next mega infrastructure project, a $1.3bn bridge across river Lena". The Siberian Times. November 18, 2019.
- ^ "Climate Jakutsk". Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^ "JAKUTSK 1961–1990". NOAA. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
Sources
edit- Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Megino-Kangalassky District. (in Russian)
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №173-З №353-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1058-З №1007-IV от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #173-Z No. 353-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1058-Z No. 1007-IV of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).