Mercury (automobile)

For the Ford Motor Company's entry-level luxury make, see Merkur.

Mercury

"Drive the "Big M" (1950s) "The shape you want to be in" (1985–1988) "All this and the quality of a Mercury" (1989–1994) "Imagine Yourself in a Mercury" (1995-1999) "Live life in your own lane" (1999-2004) "New Doors Opened" (2004–2011)
Former type	Division
Industry	Automotive
Fate	Dissolved
Founded	1938, by Edsel Ford
Defunct	January 4, 2011
Headquarters	Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.
Key people	Edsel Ford, founder
Products	Automobiles
Parent	Ford Motor Company
Website	www.MercuryVehicles.com

Mercury was an automobile marque of the Ford Motor Company launched in 1938 by Edsel Ford, son of Henry Ford, to market entry-level luxury cars slotted between Ford-branded regular models and Lincoln-branded luxury vehicles, similar to General Motors' Buick (and former Oldsmobile) brand, and Chrysler's namesake brand. From 1945 to 2011, it was the Mercury half of the Lincoln - Mercury division of Ford (the Edsel brand was included in that division for the 1958-1960 model years). Using badge engineering, the majority of Mercury models were based on Ford platforms.

The name "Mercury" is derived from the messenger of the gods of Roman mythology, and during its early years, the Mercury brand was known for performance, which was briefly revived in 2003 with the Mercury Marauder. The brand was sold in the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Middle East. In 1999, the Mercury brand was dropped in Canada, although the Grand Marquis was still marketed there wearing a Mercury badge through 2007.

The Mercury brand was phased out in 2011, as Ford Motor Company refocused its marketing and engineering efforts on the Ford and Lincoln brands. Production of Mercury vehicles ceased in the fourth quarter of 2010. The final Mercury automobile, a Grand Marquis, rolled off the assembly line on January 4, 2011.

History

Mercury Town Sedan 1947

In 1937, Edsel Ford started a new company, more luxurious version of his company's mainline car, intended to bridge the enormous price gap between the highest trimmed Ford and the base Lincoln. The designs of the new car were done by E.T. 'Bob' Gregorie. There was debate within the company about whether this new intermediate car should be a new Ford model or spun off into a new marque. Over 100 different model and marque names were considered before "Mercury" was finally selected.

The 1939 Mercury 8 began production in 1938, with a 239 cu. in. 95 horsepower (71 kW; 96 PS) flathead V8 engine. Over 65,800 were sold the first year, at a price of $916 (approximately $14,000 in 2010 dollars). It was an all new car, sharing no body panels with either Ford or Lincoln. Its body was six inches wider than Ford and rode on a 116.0 inches (2,950 mm) wheelbase, four inches longer than Ford.

From the very beginning, Mercury was a division that seemed to have a brand identity that was constantly in the process of finding its place in the North American automotive market. Sometimes, Mercury was presented as a performance division of more mainstay Ford products, while at other times, it was meant to match sales with Detroit crosstown rivals Buick, Oldsmobile and Chrysler during the 1950s through 1980s. Many times, Mercury models shared platforms with Ford products, such as the Mercury Cougar (shared with the Ford Mustang, Thunderbird, and Elite), the Mercury Bobcat (shared with the Ford Pinto), or the Mercury Comet (shared with the Ford Falcon, Fairlane, and Maverick).

1945-1969: "Junior Lincoln"

First generation Mercury Cougar

Second generation Mercury S-55

Mercury was its own division at Ford until 1945 when it was combined with Lincoln into the Lincoln-Mercury Division, with Ford hoping the brand would be known as a "junior Lincoln," rather than an upmarket Ford. In 1949, Mercury introduced the first of its "new look" integrated bodies, at the same time that Ford and Lincoln also changed styling radically. Again in 1952, Mercury offered a further modernization in its look.

In 1958, the Lincoln-Mercury Division and the ill-fated Edsel brand were joined into the Mercury-Edsel-Lincoln Division. Due to the introduction of Edsel, the market did not know how to regard Mercury as either an upscale Ford or an entry level Lincoln. It appeared that Ford was using the business model from General Motors, offering brands that were priced at specific levels, with Chevrolet at the bottom of the range, and Cadillac at the top. Buyers were not sure if Edsel or Mercury were alternatives to Pontiac, Oldsmobile or Buick in terms of equipment offered and marketing department definitions of what the cars were meant to offer.

Like Edsel, Mercury was a brand created from scratch as opposed to the 1922 acquisition of Lincoln. Mercury's heyday was in the 1950s, when its formula of stretching and lowering existing Ford platforms proved very successful. The identity of the marque has changed several times throughout its history. During the 1940s and 1950s, the make continued to be moved between a "gussied up" Ford to a "junior Lincoln" and even to having its own body designs. From the late 1950s until the early 1970s, Mercury began to distance itself from Ford and offered several different looking models such as the Turnpike Cruiser, Park Lane, and Marquis. At this time, Mercury's biggest competition was Buick, Oldsmobile, Chrysler's mid-priced products, and higher-end models from American Motors. In the 1970s, the brand was joined at the hip with Ford again and its image suffered as a result.

During the Ford Division's early 1960s "Total Performance" era, Mercury produced some equivalent models, such as the full-size S-55 and the Marauder, which shared the same body styles and mechanics as the Ford Galaxie 500/XL sports models. These big Mercurys were somewhat successful in racing. In 1967, the Cougar was introduced as Mercury's version of the Ford Mustang; although mechanically related, the Cougar's looks were intended to be more of a "European" flavor.

1970s: "Sign of the Cat"

1978 Mercury Monarch 4-door

Mercury's ride through the 1970s was not gentle, but it fared better than some. Shifting from performance cars such as the S-55, Marauder, and the Mustang-based Cougar, Mercury reverted to its historical role of selling badge-engineered Ford vehicles. Partially as a result of the first gas crisis, the "near luxury" segment was the bread and butter for 1970s American car manufacturers. However, the segment eventually became saturated. Only Mercury's niche products, like the Cougar XR-7, seemed to find real success with buyers. Much of this might really have had to do with Ford's topsy-turvy financial situation in the seventies. Lincoln-Mercury dealers had plenty of good selling cars, they just were not the right cars.

In 1978, Mercury sales peaked at an all-time high of 580,000. The Cougar and Lincoln Mk V shattered sales records, but the staples of Mercury's business, the mid-size and full-size sedans and wagons, moved out of showrooms at a snail's pace. In 1977, the Cougar became the sole mid-size Mercury, replacing the Montego; previously a personal luxury coupe, the Cougar was available in sedan and station wagon bodystyles. The small Bobcat did not lure economy minded buyers, instead bringing only bad press from its close ties to the ill-fated Ford Pinto.

Although the Bobcat trickled out of showrooms, Mercury introduced the Monarch as a replacement for the aging Comet compact. Although still mechanically based on the original 1960 Ford Falcon, the Monarch was intended as a compact near-luxury car; high-trim versions were popular choices as personal cars among Ford executives. In 1978, the Monarch's replacement, the Zephyr was introduced on the Fox platform. An all-new rear-wheel drive platform, it would be used by all late 1970s-early 1980s Mercurys except the Bobcat, Lynx/LN7/Topaz, and the Grand Marquis/Colony Park.

Import success

1976-1978 Capri II

In 1971, Mercury introduced the Capri as a captive import from Ford of Europe; as the Cougar grew from a pony car into a personal luxury car, the Capri became its replacement. Assembled in West Germany by Ford of Europe, the Capri was powered by 4-cylinder and V6 engines. The decision proved popular, at times becoming the most popular imported car in the United States (after the VW Beetle). As such, Mercury did not sell its own version of the Ford Mustang II. The Capri was imported until 1977 with a few sold as 1978 models.

Although it was not badged a Mercury, Lincoln-Mercury dealers were the sole source of the De Tomaso Pantera from 1971 to 1975. It was an Italian-built exotic sports car with a Ford 351-cubic inch V8. Approximately 5500 were sold by Lincoln-Mercury.

1980s: Downsizing and starting over

1982 Mercury Cougar GS wagon

1987 Mercury Topaz

Mercury Tracer

The late 1970s era of automobile downsizing would achieve mixed results for Mercury. The 1979 full-size Marquis, Colony Park, and Grand Marquis were extensively redesigned to the point of being shorter and lighter than the "intermediate" Cougar. Although arriving to market later than contemporaries from General Motors or Chrysler, the now-smaller Marquis/Grand Marquis and Colony Park survived downsizing without sacrificing rear-wheel drive or their V8 powertrains; more significantly, their market share was not affected. Also for 1979, the German-imported Capri was replaced by a clone of the then-new Ford Mustang. It would be produced from 1979 to 1986.

For the mid-size Mercury lineup, however, downsizing would prove disastrous. For 1980, the Cougar was redesigned and downsized. Intended to replace the dated Monarch, the coupe shared its bodywork Ford Thunderbird; consequently, the sedan and station wagon models differed little from the entry-level Zephyrs they began to replace. Controversial styling coupled with a struggling economy saw Cougar sales fall to barely one-third of 1979 levels.

In 1981, the division quietly laid the Bobcat to rest, replacing it with the Lynx. A clone of the Ford Escort, the Lynx would introduce the division to front-wheel drive and (optional) diesel engines. The LN7 variant of the Lynx would be the only 2-seat Mercury ever built; it was sold from 1982 to 1983.

During the mid-1980s, the division found more success as it began to make over its entire lineup. From 1983 to 1988, nearly the entire lineup would be redesigned or replaced; only the Grand Marquis/Colony Park remained unchanged. In 1983, as part of a major model shift, the Cougar sedan and wagon were updated, becoming the replacement for the Marquis. Now solely a two-door coupe sharing body and chassis with the Thunderbird, the Cougar was given a streamlined aerodynamic body, a theme soon to become commonplace throughout Ford Motor Company. In 1984, front-wheel drive made its appearance in compact-size Mercurys as the Topaz replaced the Zephyr; alongside its Ford Tempo clone, the Topaz was the first Mercury to offer a driver's-side airbag.

In 1986, alongside the Ford Taurus, Mercury introduced the Sable. Replacing the Marquis in the lineup, the design of the Sable sedan led it to be one of the most aerodynamic cars in the world at the time. Originally intended to be replaced by the Sable, stability in gas prices and demand for full-size car sales led to the continuation of the Grand Marquis and Colony Park.

For 1988, the Lynx was replaced by the Tracer, a version of the Ford Laser designed by Mazda, assembled in Mexico and Japan. The Tracer was the first Mercury since the 1978 Capri with no US-market Ford equivalent.

During the 1980s, the image of the division began to blur. Although the post-1983 Cougar easily differentiated from its Thunderbird clone, it was not the case for many other Mercury models. For the Capri, Lynx/LN7, Topaz, Marquis, and Grand Marquis/Colony Park, there was little difference besides grilles and badging. With the introduction of the Sable, Mercury began to introduce a styling theme that spread across many of its models for the next decade. The signature feature would be the (non-functional) lightbar grille; on all models, serif or script lettering would be replaced by chrome block lettering. In 1988, Mercury replaced by the Lynx with the Tracer; for the first time since the 1978 Capri II, there was a Mercury with no US-market Ford equivalent. Built in Mexico and Japan, the Tracer was a version of the Mazda-designed Ford Laser.

Merkur

Main article: Merkur

Merkur XR4Ti

Beginning in 1985, Ford experimented with importing two European Fords under the Merkur (the German word for Mercury, pronounced mare-coor) nameplate. The Merkur lineup consisted of two cars: the XR4Ti (a federalized version of the Ford Sierra) and the Scorpio (a rebadged version of Ford's European flagship sedan). Merkurs were sold in participating Lincoln-Mercury dealerships throughout the United States and Canada.

After 1989, the brand was discontinued due to a combination of low sales and impending passive restraint regulations. Another key factor behind the demise of Merkur was an unfavorable exchange rate between the United States and West Germany; at US$27,000 (nearly $47,000 in 2010 dollars), the Scorpio had a higher base price than a Grand Marquis yet bore a strong resemblance to the Sable.

The 1990s: Post-Merkur

1994 Mercury Capri

The discontinuation of Merkur began another major transition of the Mercury lineup. In 1989, the Cougar switched to an all-new platform; although still a personal-luxury coupe based on the Thunderbird, interior room and handling were improved. The Capri, a name dormant since 1986, was revived in 1991 as an import from Ford of Australia. Envisioned as a Mazda MX-5 Miata competitor, the front-wheel drive Capri did not capture the same type of following as the rear-wheel drive Mazda, lasting through 1994.

In 1992, the Grand Marquis was redesigned for the first time since 1979; using the same platform as before, it shared no sheetmetal with the 1991 model and both V8 engines were replaced with a single all-new design. Although significantly more aerodynamic than before, Mercury left the basic shape of the Grand Marquis intact including its radiator grille. The radical redesign of the 1991 B-body full-size cars by General Motors was left with a lukewarm reception at best; Chrysler had not fielded a direct competitor since 1981. Mercury sales rebounded in 1993 to over 480,000, their highest level since the 1978 all-time high. In the mid-1990s the brand received some free advertising when country music star Alan Jackson scored a hit with a 1993 cover of K. C. Douglas' "Mercury Blues", a song which heaped praise on their vehicles. Ford later used a different version of the song in its truck advertising.

Mercury Sable (1996-1999)

In terms of Mercury's smaller cars, the Tracer name was retained, but in 1991, Ford (and Mazda) compact cars were designed onto a common platform and the Tracer became a twin of the Ford Escort. In 1995, the Mystique was introduced as Mercury's Topaz replacement; a version of the Ford Mondeo mid-size "world car", it was commonly viewed as compact for an American car. The Sable was controversially redesigned alongside the Taurus for 1996; although they still shared much of their sheetmetal, the Sable now could be better distinguished from the Taurus. As the 1990s progressed into the 2000s, Mercury's compact car line shrank during a series of redesigns. As the Ford Focus replaced the Escort, the Tracer was not replaced and the Sable became the smallest Mercury sedan after the 2000 discontinuation of the Mystique.

Entering new market segments

Mercury Villager

A casualty of the 1992 redesign of the Grand Marquis included the Colony Park station wagon; by the early 1990s, full-size station wagons had largely been replaced by minivans. Although Ford had introduced the Aerostar in 1986, it had already undergone a midcycle refresh and was considered too trucklike to be a good fit with Mercury dealers. The 1993 Villager (a name used from Mercury's 1960s and 1970s station wagon lines) was developed in a joint venture with Nissan; it was assembled in the United States by Ford with a Nissan Quest front-wheel drive powertrain. Although more successful than other Japanese-designed minivans, the Villager struggled to compete with the far larger Ford Windstar. Like its Aerostar and Windstar counterparts, the Villager was initially designed without a driver's side sliding door. When one was added in 1999, the minivan segment (as a whole) had begun to decline in sales.

Mercury Mountaineer

In the mid-1990s, mid-size sport-utility vehicles began increasing in popularity for use as family vehicles. Although Mercury was not the first nameplate to introduce a SUV (following the Range Rover and the Oldsmobile Bravada), the 1997 Mercury Mountaineer was among one of the first to popularize luxury SUVs. Based on the Ford Explorer, the Mountaineer had a standard V8 (at first) and all-wheel drive instead of four-wheel drive. Mercury did not receive an equivalent of the Ford Expedition/Lincoln Navigator or the Ford Excursion. The Mountaineer is also notable for introducing the silver "waterfall grille", which became a common styling theme on virtually all succeeding Mercurys.

1999-2011: Revival and decline

2000-2002 Mercury Cougar

By the end of the 1990s, the Grand Marquis had remained a sales success, becoming the top-selling Mercury product line. Although highly profitable, it posed a problem for Mercury dealers, as the mid-60s average age of a Grand Marquis buyer was far higher than what Lincoln-Mercury buyers were trying to attract into showrooms. Over the next decade, a number of product changes were made in efforts to attract younger buyers towards the Mercury brand, but nonetheless, Mercury still struggled to appeal its brand identity to younger buyers.^{[citation needed]} Although the division's full-size and mid-size sedans performed well in the marketplace, Mercury phased out smaller cars completely in favor of minivans and SUVs. The Tracer was discontinued in 1999 (three years before the Escort) and the Mystique was dropped in mid-2000.

For 1999, the Cougar was re-introduced after a year's hiatus. In a major shift from its personal-luxury predecessor, the 1999 Cougar was a front-wheel drive sports coupe based on the Mystique; it was largely intended as the successor to the Ford Probe. For the first time since the 1991 Capri, Mercury was given a product line with direct Ford equivalent (in North America). After finding only moderate success with buyers, the Cougar ended production in 2002. 2003 would lead to the revival of the Marauder nameplate. Not unlike its 1969-1970 predecessor, the 2003 Marauder was a higher-performance variant of the Grand Marquis that was also similar in many ways to the 1994-1996 Chevrolet Impala SS. Due to lack of marketing, the Marauder was discontinued after 2004.

In 2004, the Monterey would replace the Villager. A clone of the Ford Freestar, the Monterey gave Mercury its first direct competition against the Chrysler Town and Country and other luxury minivans. As the minivan segment was in decline, neither Ford nor Mercury was able to gain any ground; Ford ended minivan production in 2007.

Last revival

2008 Mercury Mariner Hybrid

During the mid-2000s, after relative stagnation, the Mercury range was targeted for major updates to attract new (primarily, younger) buyers.^{[citation needed]} Coinciding with Ford's planned replacement of the Taurus, the Sable was discontinued in 2005. Coinciding with the new Ford "F" model scheme, Mercury began the exclusive use of "M" model names with new products. Reaction to the Mercury naming scheme is less extreme, as it used several previously-used nameplates. In 2005, the division re-introduced the Montego as one of the two models to replace the Sable. A clone of the Ford Five Hundred, the Montego also was the first new full-size Mercury since 1992; the Grand Marquis remained in production. The Mariner was introduced as the clone of the Ford Escape and Mazda Tribute. For 2006, the mid-size replacement for the Sable was introduced; the Milan was a clone of the Ford Fusion and Lincoln MKZ/Zephyr. Alongside its Ford counterpart, the Mercury Mariner became the first production gasoline-electric hybrid SUV in 2006.

In 2008, after sales had fallen to one-third of 2000 levels, the division began to make major changes to its full-size cars. In contrast to the Dodge Charger selling nearly as well as its Chrysler 300 counterpart, the Montego sold only a fraction in comparison to its Ford Five Hundred counterpart and was also outsold by the Grand Marquis as well. In a move along with Ford, the Five Hundred and Montego were given an update and re-branded as Taurus and Sable to capitalize on the familiarity of the latter two nameplates; although nearly unchanged since 2003, the Grand Marquis remained in production as well. The Monterey was discontinued, as Mercury focused on the Mariner and the Mountaineer. Also in 2008, Ford started an ad campaign that focused exclusively on attracting female drivers to the brand in hopes of making it more profitable. Yet ironically, this only narrowed Mercury's brand image and buyer appeal even deeper, and sales continued to fall.

Discontinuation

2008-2009 Mercury product lineup

On June 2, 2010, Ford announced the closure of the Mercury line by the end of the year. In terms of sales, Mercury represented only 1 percent of North America's automobile market compared to the 16 percent share of Ford. Ford Motor Company has stated that additional Lincoln models will be introduced to help replace any shortfall from the discontinued Mercury brand. At the time of the announcement of Mercury's closure, Mercury was selling fewer than 95,000 units a year, which is less than both Plymouth and Oldsmobile right before they were phased out. The Mercury Mountaineer was discontinued in the 2010 model year, with the remaining Mercurys following suit after an abbreviated 2011 model year. Mercury's U.S. sales in 2010, its final full year, were 93,195. After the Mercury brand was discontinued in 2011, Ford stripped all Mercury branding from its Lincoln-Mercury dealers.

Traditionally, Mercury was given a counterpart to most Ford platforms. During the 2000s, Ford increased its content to its cars; as a consequence, Mercurys became less distinctive from their Ford equivalents.^{[citation needed]} The exception was the Grand Marquis, which had all but replaced the civilian Crown Victoria; the latter was discontinued from retail sale after 2007. Additionally, during the 2000s, Ford had begun to offer a wider product lineup for its namesake division. Mercury would not have versions of the Focus, the Edge, Ford Freestyle/Taurus X, or Flex. Ford had proposed a version of the Ford Focus Mk3 as a revival of the Tracer name. With the ending of the Mercury brand, these plans were scrapped.

Sales figures

Sales Figures (2000–2010)

Year	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	Total sales (2000–2010)
Grand Marquis	122,572	112,034	80,271	79,147	76,116	64,716	54,688	50,664	29,766	24,783	28,543	723,300
Milan						5,321	35,853	37,244	31,393	27,403	28,912	166,126
Mariner					7,171	34,099	33,941	34,844	32,306	28,688	29,912	200,961
Mountaineer	46,547	45,574	48,144	49,692	43,916	32,491	29,567	23,849	10,596	5,169	5,791	341,336
Montego					2,974	27,007	22,332	10,755				63,068
Sable	103,030	102,646	98,998	61,342	42,737	24,149		10,366	16,187	6,256	37	465,748
Marauder				7,839	3,213							11,052
Mystique	16,208											16,208
Cougar	40,343	29,487	19,345	2,024								91,199
Villager	30,443	22,046	16,442									68,931
Monterey				2,213	17,407	8,166	4,467	700				32,953
Total Mercury Division Sales	359,143	311,787	263,200	202,257	193,534	195,949	180,848	168,422	120,248	92,299	93,195	Total Sales (2000–2010) 2,180,882

Canadian Mercury trucks

1947 Canadian Mercury M-Series truck

See also: Mercury M-Series

During the 1940s, not all rural communities in Canada were served by both a Ford and a Lincoln-Mercury dealership, often having one or the other. In an effort to boost overall truck sales, Ford offered rebadged trucks in its Mercury dealerships. While the majority of Mercury trucks were M-Series pickups (Ford F-Series), the rebadging was also done to Ford Econoline vans, B-Series school bus chassis, medium-duty trucks, and the C-Series cabover. Early versions often came with a higher output (CM-1 designated) Mercury/Ford Flathead V8 engine over and above the unique Mercury-specific grille, badging and trim that adorned every Mercury M-Series truck. Mercury trucks were sold from 1946-1968 (the C-Series until 1972). After the discontinuation of the 1968 M-Series pickup, Mercury did not sell a light truck until the 1993 Villager minivan.

Brand identity

the original "God's Head" logo seen on a 1965 Mercury Comet Caliente

The lack of a distinct personality showed through in the cars, although there were some unique twists to 1980s Mercurys. Some examples include the roofline of the 1983 Cougar (influenced somewhat by the AMC Gremlin), the 1986 Sable (which had a lightbar in place of a conventional grille), and the 1988 Tracer (a clone of a Mazda-designed Australian Ford built in Mexico and Japan). By 1990, the lone remnants of Mercury's 1970s identity were the Grand Marquis luxury sedan and Colony Park station wagon; both had received only superficial updates since their 1979 downsizing.

Logo

The first logo of the Mercury brand was its namesake, the Roman god Mercury. The side profile of his head, complete with the signature bowl hat with wings was used during the early years, seen in the picture to the right.

In the 1950s, the logo became a simple "M" with horizontal bars extending outward from the bottom of its vertical elements in each direction. This was described in advertising as "The Big M" – probably most notably as the prime sponsor of The Ed Sullivan Show.

During the late 1960s and up to the mid-1980s, the Mercury used the "Sign of the Cat" ad campaign based on its popular Cougar model. Many of the cars during this time carried cat related names such as the Lynx and Bobcat. On some of the upper-tier models, such as the Marquis and Grand Marquis, Mercury used a shield or cross, sometimes surrounded by a wreath, which was shared by some de luxe Ford models as well. Some models used the Lincoln brand's logo.

During the mid-1980s, the logo changed from the Cougar to its final logo, seen in the logo at the top of the page. This logo was introduced on the all new 1984 Mercury Topaz. Since 1999, the word "Mercury" appeared on the top part of the logo.

The revival of the Mercury Marauder in 2003 brought a brief return of the original "God's Head" logo, for that model only.

See also

• List of automobile manufacturers
• List of Mercury vehicles

External links

• Mercury Vehicles (Mercury | New Doors Opened)
• A short history of the marque
• Winged Messenger: Dedicated to the promotion and preservation of all Mercury vehicles
• Canadian Mercury trucks catalogs and ads