Mary Magdalena Street Lewis Tate ("Mother Tate") (January 3, 1871 – December 28, 1930) was an African American evangelist. She was the first American woman to serve as a Bishop in a nationally recognized denomination.[4] She founded a Pentecostal denomination, The Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of the Truth, in 1903. Its first convocation was held in June 1903 in Greenville, Alabama.[1] The church was the first Pentecostal Holiness church in America founded by a woman,[5] and spread to at least twenty states. At least seven denominations currently trace their history back to her church.[4]
Mary Magdalena Street Lewis Tate | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Mary Lena Street January 5, 1871[1][2] |
| Died | December 28, 1930 (aged 59)[3] |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Evangelist |
| Known for | The Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of the Truth |
Early life and education edit
Mary Lena Street was born in Vanleer, Tennessee, on January 5, 1871. She was one of four sisters born to Belfield Street and Nancy (Hall) Street, and part of a larger extended family of nine children, including five half-brothers and half-sisters.[2]: 339
In 1889,[5] at age nineteen, Mary Street married her first husband, David Lewis.[6] They had two sons, Walter Curtis Lewis and Felix Earley Lewis.[7] She is reported to have married and divorced twice more.[6][8]: 175
Church of the Living God edit
Mary Lewis began traveling and preaching in Steel Springs, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky. She was known as Saint Mary Magdalena.[7] She gathered people into informal "Do Rights" bands in Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee.[6] She preached to both white and black audiences.[1]
In 1903, Lewis led her followers in creating the Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of the Truth in Greenville, Alabama.[7] The name was taken from I Timothy, 3:15.[1] Following a period of illness, Lewis experienced a miraculous healing and the Pentecostal baptism of the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues.[2]: 340 From June 25 to July 5, 1908,[3] she held a ten-day General Assembly there, a Pentecostal revival at which she formally incorporated the denomination. As the Overseer and Chief Leader of the Church, she presided as bishop, ordained ministers, and baptized converts in the "indwelling" of the Holy Ghost.[7] The church spread rapidly, in response to the work of Lewis and her sons. By 1911, presiding elders were appointed.[7]
In 1914, Street married Robert Tate, a deacon in the church.[2]: 340 [9] In June 1914, State Bishops were ordained for four states at the 1914 General Assembly, held in Quitman, Georgia.[3] Two of the bishops were Tate's sons.[1] At the same assembly, the church adopted Tate's first Decree Book, written to summarize the doctrines, rules, rituals and governance of the denomination, for use in its churches.[6] A later edition of 1923 was titled the Constitution, Government, and General Decree Book.[2]: 340 [1]
By 1916, the group had spread to twenty states.[7] In 1923, its headquarters were moved to Nashville, Tennessee. There Tate established the New and Living Way Publishing Company to print religious literature and music.[6] She is credited with writing many of the hymns used by the denomination.[1]
In 1929, Tate identified Bishop Archibald Henry White as her successor in the Church.[7] He was later elected Senior Bishop of all churches in Pennsylvania, incorporated under the name “House of God, Which is the Church of the Living God, Pillar and Ground of the Truth”.[10]
Tate died on December 28, 1930, in Philadelphia General Hospital while on a visit to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[7] Her death resulted from frostbite and gangrene in one of her feet,[5] possibly complications of diabetes.[2]: 340 Her body was originally buried in a family plot in Dickson, Tennessee,[11] but was moved in 1963 to Greenwood Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee.[3]
Following Tate's death,[10] three major branches were created under the leadership of various relatives of Mother Tate.[8]: 96–97 [7][1][12]: 149–150 [13] These are currently known as the Keith Dominion, the Lewis Dominion, and the Jewell Dominion (previously the McLeod Dominion).[9] At least seven denominations can trace their history back to Tate's establishment of Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of the Truth.[4][14]
Teachings edit
Tate was a strong exponent of women's leadership, who intentionally used generic language and mentored women for leadership positions. Hundreds of women served in The Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of the Truth as evangelists, ministers, and bishops.[6][8]: 96–97
Tate propounded an approach to living that emphasized "cleanness", as a principle underlying all aspects of life, including food, marriage, family life, and community activity.[6] Her dogma of "The Cleanliness of the Word" was based on St. John 15:3.[7]
Bibliography edit
- Lewis, Meharry H. (2005). Mary Lena Lewis Tate: Vision! A Biography of the Founder and History of the Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of the Truth, Inc. Nashville, Tennessee: The New and Living Way Publishing Company.
- Lewis, Meharry H., ed. (2003). Mary Lena Lewis Tate: Collected Letters and Manuscripts. Nashville: The New and Living Way.
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h Smith, Jessie Carney, ed. (1996). Notable Black American women II (1st ed.). Detroit: Gale Research. pp. 625–627. ISBN 978-0810391772.
- ^ a b c d e f Simmons, Martha; Thomas, Frank A., eds. (2010). Preaching with sacred fire : an anthology of African American sermons, 1750 to the present (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 339–344. ISBN 978-0393058314.
- ^ a b c d Shuford, F. Dovey. "Mother Mary Magdelena S. L. Tate (1871–1930)". Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ a b c Miller, Estrelda Alexander ; foreword by A.G. (2013). The black fire reader : a documentary resource on African American Pentecostalism. Cascade Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-1608995622.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c "History of Mother Mary Lena Lewis Tate". Sacred Strings. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Tate, Mary Magdalena Lewis (1871-1930)". BlackPast.org. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mother Mary Magdalena Lewis Tate Founder and Chief Overseer". House of God. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ a b c Pope-Levison, Priscilla (2014). Building the old time religion : women evangelists in the progressive era. New York: NYU Press. pp. 66–98. ISBN 9780814723845.
- ^ a b Taylor, Jacqueline Tuggle (2012). The first gentleman : the role of the female pastor's husband. Bloomington, Ind.: West Bow Press. ISBN 978-1449736644.
- ^ a b Ruelas, Abraham (2010). Women and the landscape of American higher education : Wesleyan Holiness and Pentecostal founders. Eugene, Or.: Pickwick Publications. p. 125. ISBN 9781606088692.
- ^ "Mary Magdalena Tate, a vibrant minister". African American Registry. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ DuPree, Sherry Sherrod (1996). African-American Holiness Pentecostal movement : an annotated bibliography. New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0824014490.
- ^ Lewis, James R. (2002). The encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions (2nd ed.). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. pp. 222–223. ISBN 9781573928885.
- ^ Alexander, Estrelda Y. (2008). Limited Liberty: The Legacy of Four Pentecostal Women Pioneers. Cleveland, Ohio: Pilgrim. ISBN 978-0829817683.