1890s edit
- 1894 - Autour d'une cabine (Around A Cabin), directed by Émile Reynaud. It is an animated film made of 636 individual images hand painted in 1893.The film showed off Reynaud's invention, the Théâtre Optique. It was shown at the Musée Grévin from December 1894 until March 1900.[1][2]
- 1895 - Release of the film The Execution of Mary Stuart, directed by Alfred Clark. It is the first known film to use special effects, specifically the stop trick. Stop motion is closely related to the stop trick, in which the camera is temporarily stopped during the recording of a scene to create a change before filming is continued (or for which the cause of the change is edited out of the film). In the resulting film, the change will be sudden and a logical cause of the change will be mysteriously absent or replaced with a fake cause that is suggested in the scene. The technique of stop motion can be interpreted as repeatedly applying the stop trick. [3][4][5]
- 1896 - Auguste Berthier published an article about the history of stereoscopic images in French scientific magazine Le Cosmos, which included his method of creating an autostereogram.[6]
- 1897 - The Captain and the Kids is created by Rudolph Dirks and debuted December 12, 1897. ; William Harbutt developed plasticine in 1897. To promote his educational "Plastic Method" he made a handbook that included several photographs that displayed various stages of creative projects. The images suggest phases of motion or change, but the book probably did not have a direct influence on claymation films. Still, the plasticine product would become the favourite product for clay animators, as it did not dry and harden (unlike normal clay) and was much more malleable than its harder and greasier Italian predecessor plasteline.[7]
- 1898 - The German toy manufacturer Gebrüder Bing introduced their toy "kinematograph",[8] at a toy convention in Leipzig . Other companies soon start production of toy cinematographs and production of cheaper films by printing lithographed drawings. These animations were probably made in black-and-white. The pictures were often traced from live-action films (much like the later rotoscoping technique). [9][10]
- 1899 - French trick film pioneer Georges Méliès claimed to have invented the stop trick and popularized it by using it in many of his short films. He reportedly used stop-motion animation in 1899 to produce moving letterforms.[11]
1900s edit
- 1900 – J. Stuart Blackton and Thomas Edison create The Enchanted Drawing, the first film to feature groundbreaking animated sequences.
- 1901 - Dolly’s Toys. British trick film, directed by Arthur Melbourne-Cooper. It may have used stop-motion animation, or a variant of the stop-action technique previously used by Walter R. Booth. [12][13]
- 1902 - Fun in a Bakery Shop. Edwin S. Porter used stop-motion animation to depict clay loaves being sculpted into faces.[14] The film's plot was only the pretext of showcasing the skills of a fast sculptor.[15]
- 1903 - The inventor Frederic Eugene Ives receives U.S. patent 725,567 for his "parallax stereogram", the first "no glasses" autostereoscopic 3-D display technology. [16][17][18][19] It helps introduce the animation technique of barrier-grid animation and stereography. Ives' method is then modífied by Eugène Estanave to introduce a method of animated stereoscopic photography. [20]
- 1904 -The Enchanted Toymaker (United Kingdom), combined live-action and stop-motion animation.[21][22]
- 1905 - How Jones Lost His Roll, the first example of stop-motion animation in American film.[23]; The Whole Dam Family and the Dam Dog, early example of cutout animation[24]
- 1906 - Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, The House of Ghosts
- 1907 - Katsudō Shashin, the oldest known work of animation from Japan.
- 1908 – Fantasmagorie, considered by animation historians as the world's first cartoon, is released.
- 1909 –To Demonstrate How Spiders Fly
1910s edit
- 1910 – The Clown and His Donkey
- 1911 – Little Nemo
- 1912 – How a Mosquito Operates
- 1913 – Colonel Heeza Liar
- 1914 – Gertie the Dinosaur
- 1915 – Farmer Al Falfa, Bobby Bumps
- 1916 – Mutt and Jeff, Krazy Kat
- 1917 – El Apóstol (the first full-length animated feature film)
- 1918 – The Sinking of the Lusitania, Judge Rummy, Out of the Inkwell
- 1919 – Felix the Cat
1920s edit
- 1920 – The Van Beuren Corporation is founded.
- 1921 – Fleischer Studios is founded.
- 1922 – The Mad Locomotive
- 1923 – Alice Comedies, Walt Disney Animation Studios is founded.
- 1924 – Dinky Doodle
- 1925 – Opus IV, Pete
- 1926 – The Adventures of Prince Achmed
- 1927 – First appearance of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in Trolley Troubles. He appears in Poor Papa, which is made earlier in 1927, but it is rejected by Universal Pictures and not released until 1928.
- 1928 – Mickey Mouse makes his first appearance in Steamboat Willie, the first ever synchronized cartoon with sound.
- 1929 – Silly Symphonies, Talkartoons, Terrytoons is founded.
1930s edit
- 1930 – Looney Tunes, Betty Boop, The Chain Gang (first appearance of Pluto)
- 1931 – Merrie Melodies, Scrappy, Toby the Pup, Flip the Frog
- 1932 – Flowers and Trees (the first Silly Symphony cartoon in colour and winner of the first Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film), Goofy, Puppetoons
- 1933 – Fanny Zilch, Popeye the Sailor, Father Noah's Ark, Three Little Pigs
- 1934 – Color Rhapsody, Donald Duck, Cri-Cri
- 1935 – Puddy the Pup, Porky Pig, Molly Moo-Cow, The Cookie Carnival
- 1936 – Three Blind Mouseketeers, Kiko the Kangaroo, Moving Day
- 1937 – Daffy Duck, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (the first American full-length animated feature film)
- 1938 – Gandy Goose, Ferdinand the Bull
- 1939 – Ugly Duckling, Barney Bear, Andy Panda, Dinky Duck, Gulliver's Travels; National Film Board of Canada is founded.
1940s edit
- 1940 – Woody Woodpecker, Tom and Jerry, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bugs Bunny, Halas and Batchelor is founded
- 1941 – Raggedy Ann and Andy, Dumbo, Superman, Princess Iron Fan, Mr. Bug Goes to Town, The Reluctant Dragon, The Fox and the Crow, UPA is founded
- 1942 – Bambi, Mighty Mouse, Saludos Amigos, How to Play Baseball, Mickey's Birthday Party, Tweety, Famous Studios is founded
- 1943 – Droopy, Red Hot Riding Hood, Little Lulu, Victory Through Air Power, Chip n' Dale, Kumo to Tulip, Chicken Little
- 1944 – The Three Caballeros, Screwy Squirrel
- 1945 – Casper the Friendly Ghost, Pepé Le Pew, Sylvester the Cat
- 1946 – Make Mine Music, Song of the South, George and Junior, Heckle and Jeckle, Bubble and Squeek, Foghorn Leghorn and Barnyard Dawg; The Tinderbox
- 1947 – Buzzy the Crow, Fun and Fancy Free, Slap Happy Lion, The Crab with the Golden Claws, The Humpbacked Horse, The Czech Year, Little Audrey
- 1948 – Melody Time, Little Tinker, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, Animaland, Happy Holidays
- 1949 – The Adventures of Pow Wow, The Dynamite Brothers, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, Mr. Magoo, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Crusader Rabbit (the first ever animated television series)
1950s edit
- 1950 – Baby Huey, Cinderella, Gerald McBoing-Boing, Herman and Katnip, The Adventures of Paddy the Pelican, Johnny the Giant Killer
- 1951 – Terry Bears, Alice in Wonderland
- 1952 – Tony the Tiger (from Kellogg's Frosted Flakes), The Scarlet Flower, The Snow Maiden, Lambert the Sheepish Lion, The Curious Adventures of Mr. Wonderbird
- 1953 – Peter Pan, Chilly Willy
- 1954 – Animal Farm, Tasmanian Devil
- 1955 – Lady and the Tramp (becoming the first animated film to be filmed in CinemaScope), Mickey Mouse Club, Speedy Gonzales
- 1956 - The Gumby Show, The Twelve Months; Toei Animation is founded.
- 1957 – Let's All Go to the Lobby, The Snow Queen, Hergé's Adventures of Tintin; Hanna-Barbera is founded, followed by the first broadcast of its first show, The Ruff and Reddy Show.
- 1958 – The Huckleberry Hound Show, The White Snake Enchantress, Paul Bunyan, The Fabulous World of Jules Verne, Bozo: The World's Most Famous Clown
- 1959 – Matty's Funday Funnies, Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends, Sleeping Beauty, 1001 Arabian Nights, Hector Heathcote, Hashimoto-san, The Quick Draw McGraw Show, Loopy de Loop
1960s edit
- 1960 – The Flintstones, The Bugs Bunny Show
- 1961 – One Hundred and One Dalmatians, Top Cat
- 1962 – The Jetsons
- 1963 – Astro Boy (the first ever anime television series)
- 1964 – The Pink Panther cartoon series, Jonny Quest, Underdog, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964)
- 1965 – A Charlie Brown Christmas (first Peanuts TV special), The Magic Roundabout, The Dot and the Line
- 1966 – Winnie the Pooh featurettes, Space Ghost, Trumptonshire trilogy, Ultra Series, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
- 1967 – Birdman and the Galaxy Trio, The Jungle Book, Speed Racer, Spider-Man, The Bear That Wasn't
- 1968 – Yellow Submarine, Wacky Races; Shonen Jump is published for the first time
- 1969 – Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!, Nu, pogodi!, Clangers, Frosty the Snowman, It's Tough to Be a Bird; The Archies release "Sugar, Sugar"
1970s edit
- 1970 – The Aristocats, Josie and the Pussycats, Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town
- 1971 – The Funky Phantom, La Linea; Nelvana is founded
- 1972 – Fritz the Cat (bringing in the age of adult animation), Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids; Aardman is founded; the 1st Annie Awards are awarded.
- 1973 – Doraemon, Schoolhouse Rock!, The Wombles, Heavy Traffic, Charley Says, Fantastic Planet
- 1974 – Roobarb, Bagpuss, Mio Mao
- 1975 – Great, Mr. Men, Hedgehog in the Fog, Paddington Bear, The Hoober-Bloob Highway, The Tom and Jerry Show
- 1976 – The Red and the Blue
- 1977 – Wizards
- 1978 – Watership Down (first animated feature film to be presented in Dolby Stereo), Future Boy Conan, The Lord of the Rings, Ringing Bell, Galaxy Express 999
- 1979 – Tale of Tales
1980s edit
- 1980 – The Amazing Adventures of Morph, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Friends (1980), Astro Boy
- 1981 – The Smurfs, Danger Mouse (1981), Postman Pat, Heavy Metal, Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds, Urusei Yatsura
- 1982 – Pink Floyd - The Wall, The Secret of NIMH, The Snowman, SuperTed, The Last Unicorn, The Plague Dogs
- 1983 – He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, Alvin and the Chipmunks, The Wind in the Willows, Inspector Gadget
- 1984 – The Transformers, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Voltron, Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends, Rupert and the Frog Song, Muppet Babies
- 1985 – ThunderCats, The Raccoons, Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, Jem; Studio Ghibli is founded
- 1986 – An American Tail, Dragon Ball, Pingu; Pixar is founded, along with its first short film Luxo Jr.
- 1987 – Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, DuckTales, Fireman Sam, The Man Who Planted Trees
- 1988 – Who Framed Roger Rabbit, My Neighbor Totoro, Akira, Count Duckula, Grave of the Fireflies, Garfield and Friends, Fantastic Max
- 1989 – The Simpsons, Wallace and Gromit, The Little Mermaid, The BFG, Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, Dragon Ball Z, Kiki's Delivery Service, Creature Comforts
1990s edit
- 1990 – Captain Planet and the Planeteers, Tiny Toon Adventures, TaleSpin, Bobby's World; Nickelodeon Animation is founded
- 1991 – Beauty and the Beast, the first three Nicktoons (Doug, Rugrats and The Ren & Stimpy Show), Darkwing Duck, Only Yesterday, Æon Flux, Manipulation
- 1992 – Aladdin, Batman: The Animated Series, X-Men, Crayon Shin-Chan, Porco Rosso, Yu Yu Hakusho, Sailor Moon; Cartoon Network is launched
- 1993 – The Nightmare Before Christmas, Animaniacs, Beavis and Butt-Head, The Animals of Farthing Wood, VeggieTales, [The Thief and the Cobbler]], Rocko's Modern Life
- 1994 – The Lion King, Spider-Man, The Tick, Pom Poko, ReBoot, Gargoyles, Space Ghost Coast to Coast; DreamWorks Animation is founded
- 1995 – Toy Story, Pinky and the Brain, Ghost in the Shell, M&M's Spokescandies, Neon Genesis Evangelion]
- 1996 – Dexter's Laboratory, Mighty Ducks: The Animated Series, Hey Arnold!, James and the Giant Peach, Blue's Clues, Space Jam, Arthur, Adventures From The Book of Virtues, KaBlam!, Big Bag, Superman: The Animated Series, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Pond Life, Quest, Beast Wars: Transformers, The Incredible Hulk, After War Gundam X, Mutant Turtles: Superman Legend
- 1997 – South Park, Pokémon, Princess Mononoke, Anastasia, Todd MacFarlane's Spawn, The Old Lady and the Pigeons, Johnny Bravo, King of the Hill, Daria
- 1998 – The Powerpuff Girls, Cowboy Bepop, Oggy and the Cockroaches, Bunny, The Wild Thornberrys, Mulan, The Prince of Egypt
- 1999 – SpongeBob SquarePants, The Iron Giant, Futurama, Family Guy, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, My Neighbours the Yamadas, Toy Story 2, Digimon: Digital Monsters, Happy Tree Friends, Ed, Edd 'n Eddy, Batman Beyond, Home Movies, Courage the Cowardly Dog, The Old Man and the Sea
2000s edit
- 2000 – Dora the Explorer, Chicken Run, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Dinosaur
- 2001 – Shrek (which wins the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature), The Fairly OddParents, Invader Zim, Samurai Jack, Spirited Away, Monsters, Inc., Waking Life, Yu-Gi-Oh!, Metropolis, Totally Spies!; Gorillaz release their self-titled debut album; The Animator's Survival Kit is published
- 2002 – Ice Age, Naruto, Lilo & Stitch, The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones?, Cyberchase, A Town Called Panic (2002), Clone High, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, Kim Possible, Treasure Planet, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex
- 2003 – Teen Titans, Finding Nemo, The Triplets of Belleville, Tokyo Godfathers, Creature Comforts (TV series), The Venture Bros., The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Harvie Krumpet, Code Lyoko, Red vs. Blue
- 2004 – The Incredibles, Bleach, Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Howl's Moving Castle, The Polar Express, Peppa Pig, Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, Danny Phantom, Winx Club
- 2005 – Avatar: The Last Airbender, Corpse Bride, American Dad!, Madagascar, 9, The Boondocks, Robot Chicken, Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf, Ben 10, Moral Orel; Gorillaz release Demon Days; Laika is founded.
- 2006 – Happy Feet, Death Note, Curious George, Cars, Peter and the Wolf, The Girl Who Leapt Through Time, The Danish Poet, Paprika, Metalocalypse
- 2007 – Phineas and Ferb, Ratatouille, Total Drama, Persepolis, Chowder, Shaun the Sheep
- 2008 – Kung Fu Panda, Ponyo, Star Wars: The Clone Wars, WALL-E, Waltz with Bashir, Simon's Cat, Sita Sings the Blues
- 2009 – Coraline, Up, Fantastic Mr. Fox, The Princess and the Frog, Prep & Landing, Archer, Summer Wars, The Secret of Kells
2010s edit
- 2010 – Adventure Time, How to Train Your Dragon, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Despicable Me, Toy Story 3, Tangled, The Illusionist, Chico and Rita, A Cat in Paris, Regular Show, Young Justice; Gorillaz release Plastic Beach and The Fall
- 2011 – Bob's Burgers, The Adventures of Tintin, Rango, The Amazing World of Gumball, The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore
- 2012 – Gravity Falls, ParaNorman, The Legend of Korra, Wreck-It Ralph, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012), Paperman, Dumb Ways to Die, Ernest & Celestine, Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
- 2013 – Frozen, Rick and Morty, Attack on Titan, The Wind Rises, Steven Universe, The Croods, The Tale of Princess Kaguya, Boy and the World, PAW Patrol
- 2014 – BoJack Horseman, Over the Garden Wall, The Lego Movie, Big Hero 6, The Book of Life, Song of the Sea
- 2015 – Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir, Inside Out, Shaun the Sheep Movie, Anomalisa, The Little Prince
- 2016 – My Hero Academia, Zootopia,The Loud House, Moana, Your Name, Kubo and the Two Strings, Tales of Arcadia, The Red Turtle, Piper, A Silent Voice, My Life as a Courgette; Steve Cutts releases Moby's Are You Lost In The World Like Me?
- 2017 – The Breadwinner,Lucas the Spider, DuckTales (2017), Castlevania, In a Heartbeat, Big Mouth, Coco, Loving Vincent
- 2018 – Spider-Man: The Spider-Verse trilogy, Bluey, Hilda, The Dragon Prince, Isle of Dogs, Mirai, She-Ra and the Princesses of Power
- 2019 – Harley Quinn, SparkShorts, Amphibia, Green Eggs and Ham, Weathering with You, Carmen Sandiego, Hair Love, I Lost My Body, Klaus, Primal, Love, Death & Robots, Demon Slayer; Kyoto Animation's first studio becomes the victim of an arson attack that kills 35 people
2020s edit
- 2020 – Wolfwalkers, The Owl House, Central Park, Kipo and the Age of Wonderbeasts, Over the Moon, YOLO; Gorillaz release Song Machine, Season One: Strange Timez
- 2021 – Invincible, Arcane, Encanto, The Mitchells vs. the Machines, What If...? (as part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe's series of shows for Disney+), Robin Robin, Gabby's Dollhouse, The Great North
- 2022 – Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio, Smiling Friends, Marcel the Shell with Shoes On, Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (2022), The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse, Puss in Boots: The Last Wish
- 2023 – Once Upon a Studio, The Super Mario Bros Movie, Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur, Robot Dreams, Rurouni Kenshin
- 2024 – Hazbin Hotel
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Autour d'une cabine (Around a Bathing Hut)". Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ "The Optical Theater". Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ "Romeo and Juliet". Romeo and Juliet. 2012-06-15. doi:10.5040/9781580819015.01.
- ^ Crafton, Donald (July 14, 2014). Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400860715 – via Google Books.
- ^ Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6
- ^ Berthier, Auguste (May 16 and 23, 1896). "Images stéréoscopiques de grand format" (in French). Cosmos 34 (590, 591): 205–210, 227-233 (see 229–231)
- ^ Frierson, Michael (1993). "The Invention of Plasticine and the Use of Clay in Early Motion Pictures". Film History. 5 (2): 142–157. ISSN 0892-2160. JSTOR 27670717.
- ^ "Bing". www.zinnfiguren-bleifiguren.com (in German).
- ^ Litten, Frederick S. Animated Film in Japan until 1919. Western Animation and the Beginnings of Anime.
- ^ Litten, Frederick S. (17 June 2014). Japanese color animation from ca. 1907 to 1945 (PDF).
- ^ Brownie, Barbara (2014-12-18). Transforming Type: New Directions in Kinetic Typography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85785-533-6.
- ^ Crafton (2015), p. 223
- ^ Stewart (2021), p. 13-15
- ^ Dobson (2010), p. xxiv
- ^ Niver (1985), p. 113
- ^ Ives, Frederic (1902). A novel stereogram.
- ^ "US725567.pdf" (PDF). docs.google.com.
- ^ Timby, Kim (2015-07-31). 3D and Animated Lenticular Photography. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110448061.
- ^ U.S. Patent 725,567 "Parallax Stereogram and Process of Making Same", application filed 25 September 1902, patented 14 April 1903
- ^ texte, Académie des sciences (France) Auteur du (March 14, 1910). "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences / publiés... par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels". Gallica.
- ^ de Vries, Mul (2009), p. 323
- ^ Crafton (2014), p. 130
- ^ Niver, Kemp R. (1968). The First Twenty Years: A Segment of Film History. Locare Research Group. p. 90. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ Niver, Kemp R. (1968). The First Twenty Years: A Segment of Film History. Locare Research Group. p. 92. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
External References edit
- Crafton, Donald (2014), "Cinema Chez Gaumont", Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-1400860715
- de Vries, Tjitte; Mul, Ati (2009), "28 Animation Pictures and Two Inserts", "They Thought it was a Marvel": Arthur Melbourne-Cooper (1874-1961) : Pioneer of Puppet Animation, Amsterdam University Press, ISBN 978-9085550167
- Dobson, Nichola (2010), "Chronology", The A to Z of Animation and Cartoons, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0810876231
- Niver, Kemp R. (1985), "Fun in a Bakery Shop", Early Motion Pictures: The Paper Print Collection in the Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division, Library of Congress, ISBN 978-0844404639
- Stewart, Jez (2021), "Signing In and Signing Up", The Story of British Animation, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 9781911239727