Parole boards in the United States do not have uniform titles, nor uniform powers or jurisdictions. In many cases their traditional powers have been limited by "determinate sentencing" and other reform legistion.[1][2][3][4]
This list is intended to be exhaustive of federal and state-level parole and pardon agencies. It does not include local state agencies, nor governor's offices where the pardon function is not in a separate agency. In some cases the pardoning and paroling function are not within the same agency. As of 2018, sixteen states had abolished the parole function in favor of "determinate sentencing".[3] Wisconsin, in 2000, was the last state to abolish that function. However, parole boards in those states continue to exist in order to deal with imprisoned felons sentenced before the imposition of "determinate sentencing".
Federal edit
States edit
- Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Alaska Department of Corrections Parole Board[5]
- Arizona board abolished as of 1994, duties transferred to the Community Corrections Division of the Arizona Department of Corrections
- Arkansas Parole Board[6]
- Connecticut Board of Pardons and Paroles[7]
- Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Idaho Commission of Pardons and Parole
- Illinois Parole and Pardon Board replaced by the Illinois Prisoner Review Board[8]
- Kentucky Parole Board[9]
- Minnesota Board of Pardons
- Nebraska Board of Pardons
- Nevada Board of Parole Commissioners[10]
- New Hampshire Department of Corrections#Adult Parole Board
- New Jersey State Parole Board
- New Mexico Parole Board[11]
- New York State Division of Parole
- Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board
- Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole
- Rhode Island Parole Board[12]
- South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services
- Tennessee Board of Parole
- Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles
- Utah Board of Pardons and Parole
- Virginia Parole Board
- Wisconsin Parole Commission[13]
- Wyoming Board of Parole[14]
Notes and references edit
- ^ Marvell, Thomas B.; Moody, Carlisle E. (1996). "Determinate sentencing and abolishing parole: The long‐term impacts on prisons and crime". Criminology. 34 (1): 107–128. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1996.tb01197.x.
- ^ Schwartzapfel, Beth (11 July 2015). "How parole boards keep prisoners in the dark and behind bars". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b Rhine, Edward; Watts, Alexis; Reitz, Kevin R. (3 April 2018). "Parole Boards within Indeterminate and Determinate Sentencing Structures". Robina Institute.
- ^ Kuziemko, Ilyana (2012). "How should inmates be released from prison? An assessment of parole versus fixed-sentence regimes". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 128 (1): 371–424. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.398.8784. doi:10.1093/qje/qjs052.
- ^ "Alaska Department of Corrections Parole Board".
- ^ "Arkansas Parole Board".
- ^ "Connecticut Board of Pardons and Paroles".
- ^ "Illinois Prisoner Review Board".
- ^ "Parole: Statutes and Regulations".
- ^ "Nevada Board of Parole Commissioners".
- ^ "New Mexico Corrections Department: Parole Board".
- ^ "Rhode Island Parole Board and Sex Offender Community Notification Unit".
- ^ "Wisconsin Parole Commission".
- ^ "Wyoming Board of Parole".