List of Apocynaceae of South Africa

Apocynaceae (from Apocynum, Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants in the order Gentianales that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family,[1] because some taxa were used as dog poison.[2] Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members.[1] The former family Asclepiadaceae (now known as Asclepiadoideae) is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]

111 genera are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing.[5] Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Acokanthera edit

Genus Acokanthera:[5]

Adenium edit

Genus Adenium:[5]

Ancylobothrys edit

Genus Ancylobothrys:[5]

Anisotoma edit

Genus Anisotoma:[5]

Araujia edit

Genus Araujia:[5]

Arduina edit

Genus Arduina:[5]

Asclepias edit

Genus Asclepias:[5]

Aspidoglossum edit

Genus Aspidoglossum:[5]

Aspidonepsis edit

Genus Aspidonepsis:[5]

Astephanus edit

Genus Astephanus:[5]

Australluma edit

Genus Australluma:[5]

Brachystelma edit

Genus Brachystelma:[5]

Callichilia edit

Genus Callichilia:[5]

Calotropis edit

Genus Calotropis:[5]

Caralluma edit

Genus Caralluma:[5]

Carandas edit

Genus Carandas:[5]

Carissa edit

Genus Carissa:[5]

Cascabela edit

Genus Cascabela:[5]

Catharanthus edit

Genus Catharanthus:[5]

Ceropegia edit

Genus Ceropegia:[5]

Chlorocyathus edit

Genus Chlorocyathus:[5]

Cordylogyne edit

Genus Cordylogyne:[5]

Cryptolepis edit

Genus Cryptolepis:[5]

Cryptostegia edit

Genus Cryptostegia:[5]

Curroria edit

Genus Curroria:[5]

Cynanchum edit

Genus Cynanchum:[5]

Daemia edit

Genus Daemia:[5]

Dichaelia edit

Genus Dichaelia:[5]

Diplorhynchus edit

Genus Diplorhynchus:[5]

Dregea edit

Genus Dregea:[5]

Duvalia edit

Genus Duvalia:[5]

Echites edit

Genus Echites:[5]

Ectadiopsis edit

Genus Ectadiopsis:[5]

Ectadium edit

Genus Ectadium:[5]

Emplectanthus edit

Genus Emplectanthus:[5]

Ephippiocarpa edit

Genus Ephippiocarpa:[5]

Eustegia edit

Genus Eustegia:[5]

Fanninia edit

Genus Fanninia:[5]

Fockea edit

Genus Fockea:[5]

Gomphocarpus edit

Genus Gomphocarpus:[5]

Gonioma edit

Genus Gonioma:[5]

Gymnema edit

Genus Gymnema:[5]

Holarrhena edit

Genus Holarrhena:[5]

Hoodia edit

Genus Hoodia:[5]

Huernia edit

Genus Huernia:[5]

Huerniopsis edit

Genus Huerniopsis:[5]

Ischnolepis edit

Genus Ischnolepis:[5]

Jasminonerium edit

Genus Jasminonerium:[5]

Kanahia edit

Genus Kanahia:[5]

Lagarinthus edit

Genus Lagarinthus:[5]

Landolphia edit

Genus Landolphia:[5]

Larryleachia edit

Genus Larryleachia:[5]

Lavrania edit

Genus Lavrania:[5]

Luckhoffia edit

Genus Luckhoffia:[5]

Macropetalum edit

Genus Macropetalum:[5]

Marsdenia edit

Genus Marsdenia:[5]

Microloma edit

Genus Microloma:[5]

Miraglossum edit

Genus Miraglossum:[5]

Mondia edit

Genus Mondia:[5]

Nerium edit

Genus Nerium:[5]

Notechidnopsis edit

Genus Notechidnopsis:[5]

Oncinema edit

Genus Oncinema:[5]

Oncinotis edit

Genus Oncinotis:[5]

Ophionella edit

Genus Ophionella:[5]

Orbea edit

Genus Orbea:[5]

Orbeanthus edit

Genus Orbeanthus:[5]

Orbeopsis edit

Genus Orbeopsis:[5]

Orthanthera edit

Genus Orthanthera:[5]

Pachycarpus edit

Genus Pachycarpus:[5]

Pachycymbium edit

Genus Pachycymbium:[5]

Pachypodium edit

Genus Pachypodium:[5]

Parapodium edit

Genus Parapodium:[5]

Pectinaria edit

Genus Pectinaria:[5]

Pentarrhinum edit

Genus Pentarrhinum:[5]

Pentopetia edit

Genus Pentopetia:[5]

Pergularia edit

Genus Pergularia:[5]

  • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. indigenous
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia, indigenous
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. garipensis (E.Mey.) Goyder, indigenous
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. daemia, accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. daemia
    • Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. leiocarpa (K.Schum.) H.Huber, accepted as Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. garipensis (E.Mey.) Goyder, indigenous

Periglossum edit

Genus Periglossum:[5]

Petopentia edit

Genus Petopentia:[5]

Piaranthus edit

Genus Piaranthus:[5]

Quaqua edit

Genus Quaqua:[5]

  • Quaqua acutiloba (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes, indigenous
    • Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola, endemic
    • Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arenicola (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola, present
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. armata, endemic
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. maritima Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. pilifera Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
  • Quaqua aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua framesii (Pillans) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua aurea (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, present
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata, endemic
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata var. tentaculata, accepted as Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) Bruyns, present
    • Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua cincta (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, present
  • Quaqua linearis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua mammillaris (L.) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Quaqua marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua arida (N.E.Br.) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua multiflora (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua pallens Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. bayeriana Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes, present
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. confusa (Plowes) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. dependens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. gracilis (C.A.Luckh.) Bruyns, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. parviflora, endemic
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pulchra Bruyns, accepted as Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes, present
    • Quaqua parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. swanepoelii (Lavranos) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, endemic
  • Quaqua pruinosa (Masson) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Quaqua pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes, endemic
  • Quaqua ramosa (Masson) Bruyns, endemic

Raphionacme edit

Genus Raphionacme:[5]

Rauvolfia edit

Genus Rauvolfia:[5]

Rhyssolobium edit

Genus Rhyssolobium:[5]

Richtersveldia edit

Genus Richtersveldia:[5]

Riocreuxia edit

Genus Riocreuxia:[5]

Sarcostemma edit

Genus Sarcostemma:[5]

  • Sarcostemma pearsonii N.E.Br. accepted as Cynanchum pearsonianum Liede & Meve, indigenous
  • Sarcostemma tetrapterum Turcz. accepted as Cynanchum tetrapterum (Turcz.) R.A.Dyer ex Bullock, present
  • Sarcostemma thunbergii G.Don, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous
  • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. viminale, indigenous
    • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. orangeanum Liede & Meve, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. orangeanum (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve, endemic
    • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. suberosum Meve & Liede, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. suberosum (Meve & Liede) Goyder, indigenous
    • Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, accepted as Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi subsp. thunbergii (G.Don) Liede & Meve, indigenous

Schizoglossum edit

Genus Schizoglossum:[5]

Schizostephanus edit

Genus Schizostephanus:[5]

Secamone edit

Genus Secamone:[5]

Sisyranthus edit

Genus Sisyranthus:[5]

Sphaerocodon edit

Genus Sphaerocodon:[5]

Stapelia edit

Genus Stapelia:[5]

Stapeliopsis edit

Genus Stapeliopsis:[5]

Stenostelma edit

Genus Stenostelma:[5]

Stomatostemma edit

Genus Stomatostemma:[5]

Strophanthus edit

Genus Strophanthus:[5]

Tabernaemontana edit

Genus Tabernaemontana:[5]

Tacazzea edit

Genus Tacazzea:[5]

Tavaresia edit

Genus Tavaresia:[5]

Telosma edit

Genus Telosma:[5]

Tenaris edit

Genus Tenaris:[5]

Thevetia edit

Genus Thevetia:[5]

Trachycalymma edit

Genus Trachycalymma:[5]

Trichocaulon edit

Genus Trichocaulon:[5]

Tridentea edit

Genus Tridentea:[5]

Tromotriche edit

Genus Tromotriche:[5]

Tylophora edit

Genus Tylophora, now included in Vincetoxicum:[6]

Vinca edit

Genus Vinca:[5]

Voacanga edit

Genus Voacanga:[5]

Woodia edit

Genus Woodia:[5]

Wrightia edit

Genus Wrightia:[5]

Xysmalobium edit

Genus Xysmalobium:[5]

Hybrids edit

[5]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Endress, M.E.; Bruyns, P.V. (2000). "A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.l." (PDF). The Botanical Review. 66 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1007/BF02857781. S2CID 31739212.
  2. ^ Simpson, Michael George (2010). Plant Systematics. ISBN 9780123743800.
  3. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Search for Tylophora R.Br". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 February 2023.