This is a list of African American suffragists, suffrage groups and others associated with the cause of women's suffrage in United States.
Groups edit
- Afro-American Protective Association (Iowa).[1]
- Alpha Suffrage Club (Illinois).[2]
- American Woman Suffrage Association.[3]
- Colored Women's Equal Suffrage Club (Oregon).[4]
- Colored Women's Independent Political League (Ohio).[5]
- Colored Women's Suffrage Club of New York.[6]
- Colored Women's Suffrage Club (Maryland).[7]
- Des Moines League of Colored Women Voters, formed in 1912 (Iowa).[8]
- El Paso Negro Woman's Civic and Enfranchisement League, started in 1918 (Texas).[9]
- Federated Colored Women's Clubs.[10]
- Iowa Federation of Colored Women's Clubs.[11]
- Los Angeles Forum of Colored Women.[12]
- National Association of Colored Women's Clubs.[3]
- New Jersey State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (NJSFCWC).[13]
- Philadelphia Suffrage Association, founded in 1866 with interracial membership.[3]
- Progressive Women's Suffrage Club (Baltimore, Maryland), (also known as the Colored Women's Suffrage Club).[14]
- Tuskegee Women's Club (Alabama).[15]
Suffragists edit
A
- Christia Adair (Texas).[16]
- Osceola Macarthy Adams.[17]
- Sadie Lewis Adams (Illinois).[18]
- Teresa Adams (Iowa).[19]
- Winona Cargile Alexander.[20]
- Susan E. Allen (Illinois).[21]
- Eliza Anderson.[22]
- Naomi Anderson.[23]
- Libbie C. Anthony (Missouri).[24]
- Blanche Armwood (Florida).[25]
B
- Alice Gertrude Baldwin (Delaware).[26]
- Maria Louise Baldwin (Massachusetts).[27]
- Janie Porter Barrett (Virginia).[23]
- Laura Beasley (Illinois).[28]
- Mary Beatty (Mississippi and Oregon).[29]
- Ida M. Bowman Becks.[30]
- Mae E. Profitt Bentley (Rhode Island).[31]
- Ella G. Berry (Illinois).[32]
- Mary V. Berry (Washington, D.C.).[33]
- Kizziah J. Bills (Illinois).[34]
- Ethel Cuff Black.[35]
- Annie Walker Blackwell (Pennsylvania).[36]
- Bonnie Thomas Bogle (Oregon).[4]
- Rosa Dixon Bowser (Virginia).[37]
- Rose Talliaferro Bradic (Rhode Island).[38]
- Minnie L. Bradley (Connecticut).[39]
- Louise Beatrice Braxton (Maryland).[40]
- Hallie Quinn Brown (Ohio).[41]
- Ida E. Duckett Brown (New Jersey).[13]
- Solomon G. Brown.[42]
- Josephine Beall Willson Bruce.[23]
- Eva Carter Buckner (California).[12]
- Mary E. Cary Burrell (New Jersey).[43]
- Nannie Helen Burroughs.[44]
- Louisa C. Hatton Crawford Butler (Washington, D.C.).[45]
- Marian D. Butler (Washington, D.C.).[46]
C
- Bertha Pitts Campbell.[47]
- Jeannette Carter (Washington, D.C.).[48]
- Augusta Theodosia Lewis Chissell (Maryland).[14]
- Helen E. Christian (New York).[6]
- Mary C. Clarke (Illinois).[49]
- Carrie Williams Clifford (Ohio).[50]
- Mattie E. Coleman (Tennessee).[51]
- Maude B. Deering Coleman (Washington, Pennsylvania).[52]
- Coralie Franklin Cook.[23]
- Helen Appo Cook (Washington, D.C.).[53]
- Anna J. Cooper.[23]
- Fannie Wilson Cooper (Iowa).[54]
- Henrietta Green Crawford (New Jersey).[55]
- Ida R. Cummings (Maryland).[7]
- Ella Cunningham (New York).[56]
- Helen M. Curtis (New York).[57]
D
- Mamie Dillard (Kansas).[23]
- Julia Dorsey.[42]
- Frederick Douglass.[44]
- Virginia Hewlett Douglass.[42]
E
- Mary E. Eato (New York).[58]
- Elizabeth Piper Ensley.[59]
F
- Charlotte Vandine Forten.[23]
- Margaretta Forten (Pennsylvania).[3]
G
H
- Victoria Clay Haley (Missouri).[10]
- Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.[60]
- Lugenia Burns Hope (Georgia).[3]
J
- Mary E. Jackson (Rhode Island).[23]
- Anna Louise James (Connecticut).[39]
- Verina Morton Jones (New York).[23][58]
L
- Daisy Elizabeth Adams Lampkin.[60]
- Lucy Craft Laney (Georgia).[23]
- Adella Hunt Logan (Alabama).[15]
M
- Victoria Earle Matthews (New York).[23]
- Mary A. McCurdy (Indiana).[23]
- Rosa Moorman (Ohio).[61]
- Gertrude Bustill Mossell (Pennsylvania).[3]
P
- Ora Brown Stokes Perry (Virginia).[62][61]
- Lucy Proffitt (Rhode Island).[63]
- Harriet Forten Purvis (Pennsylvania).[3]
- Harriet Purvis Jr. (Pennsylvania).[23]
R
- Sarah Parker Remond.[23]
- Charlotte Rollin (South Carolina).[3]
- Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin (Massachusetts).[3]
S
- Maude Sampson (Texas).[64]
- Mary Townsend Seymour (Connecticut).[39]
- Mary Ann Shadd.[60]
- Lydia C. Smith (New York).[58]
- Rosetta Douglass Sprague.[42]
T
- Mary Burnett Talbert (New York).[44]
- Mary Church Terrell.[44]
- Sojourner Truth.[3]
- Harriet Tubman.[65]
W
- Margaret Murray Washington (Alabama).[15]
- Ida B. Wells (Illinois).[66]
- Fannie Barrier Williams.[23]
- Carrie Whalon[67]
Y
- Estelle Hall Young (Maryland).[7]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Boyd 2018, p. 29.
- ^ Sorenson 2004, p. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "African American Women and the Nineteenth Amendment". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ a b Dublin, Thomas. "Biographical Sketch of Bonnie Thomas Bogle". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ "Woman Suffrage in the Midwest". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b Lemen, Emily. "Biographical Sketch of Helen E. Christian, 1879-1930". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ a b c Novara, Elizabeth A. "Biographical Sketch of Ida R. Cummings". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ Hoskins, Danielle. "Biographical Sketch of Sue M. Wilson Brown, 1877-1941". Biographical Database of Black Woman Suffragists – via Alexander Street.
- ^ "Letters regarding African American suffrage organization". Bullock Texas State History Museum. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b Shea, Neil (2017). "Biographical Sketch of Victoria Clay Haley". Biographical Database of Black Women Suffragists – via Alexander Street.
- ^ "Toward A Universal Suffrage: Profiles of Courage". Central Iowa Community Museum. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ^ a b Smith, Sode. "Biographical Sketch of Eva Carter Buckner". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ a b Adams, Betty Livingston. "Biographical Sketch of Ida E. Duckett Brown". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ a b Loughlin, Maggie. "Biographical Sketch of Augusta "Gussie" Theodosia Lewis Chissell". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ a b c Worthy, Shalis. "The 19th Amendment and Women's Suffrage: Suffrage & Race in Alabama". Huntsville-Madison County Public Library. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ Cobbins, Quin'Nita. "Biographical Sketch of Christia V. Daniels Adair". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Hart, Evan Elizabeth. "Biographical Sketch of Osceola Macarthy Adams, 1890-1983". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Davis 1922, p. 80.
- ^ Hoskins, Danielle. "Biographical Sketch of Teresa Adams". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Bowling, Jean. "Biographical Sketch of Winona Cargile Alexander |". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Davis 1922, p. 73.
- ^ Wintory, Blake. "Biographical Sketch of Eliza Julia (Brockett or Brackett) Shadd Anderson". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "African American Women Leaders in the Suffrage Movement". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ "Biographical Sketch of Libbie (Libby) C. Anthony". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Hewitt, Nancy. "Biographical Sketch of Blanche Armwood". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Boylan, Anne M. (Summer 2019). "Delaware Women's Suffrage Timeline" (PDF). Delaware Historical Society. League of Women Voters. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ "Maria Baldwin". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Dobschuetz, Barbara. "Biographical Sketch of Laura Beasley". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- ^ Ward, Jean M. "Mary Laurinda Jane Smith Beatty (1834–1899)". Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Dublin, Thomas. "Biographical Sketch of Ida M. Bowman Becks". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Truppi, Lily; Cottineau, Sacha. "Biographical Sketch of Mae E. Proffitt Bentley". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Materson, Lisa G. "Biographical Sketch of Ella G. Berry". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Lundquist-Wentz, Chelsea. "Biographical Sketch of Mary V. Berry". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Thomas Wells, Brandy. "Biographical Sketch of Kizziah J. Bills". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Boylan, Anne M. "Biographical Sketch of Ethel L. Cuff (Black)". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ Wilson, Linda D. "Biographical Sketch of Annie Walker Blackwell". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Davis, Veronica Alease. "Biographical Sketch of Rosa L. Dixon Bowser". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Battye, Jilian; Riordan, Katherine. "Biographical Sketch of Rose Talliaferro Bradic". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ a b c "What happened in Connecticut with the 19th Amendment Ratification?". League of Women Voters. 2020-08-28. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ Weinstock, Rebecca F. "Biographical Sketch of Louise Beatrice Braxton". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Borchardt, Jackie; Balmert, Jessie (14 June 2019). "100 years ago Ohio ratified the 19th Amendment. Here are 6 women who made suffrage reality". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2020-09-04.
- ^ a b c d Lundquist-Wentz, Chelsea. "Biographical Sketch of Caroline Chase". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Livingston Adams, Betty. "Biographical Sketch of Mary E. Cary Burrell". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ a b c d "Four African American Suffragists You Should Know". National Park Foundation. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ Wintory, Blake. "Biographical Sketch of Louisa C. (Hatton) Crawford Butler". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Hart, Evan Elizabeth. "Biographical Sketch of Marian D. Butler". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Dublin, Thomas. "Biographical Sketch of Bertha Pitts Campbell". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Keating, James. "Biographical Sketch of Jeannette Carter". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Wilson, Linda D. "Biographical Sketch of Mary C. Beasley Byron Clarke". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Murphy, Mary-Elizabeth. "Biographical Sketch of Carrie Williams Clifford". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Walker, Kobe; Rials, Kalie; Jones, Terriana; Kanu, Maria. "Biographical Sketch of Mattie E. Coleman". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Streeter, Carrie. "Biographical Sketch of Maude B. Deering Coleman". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ VanCour, Ciara. "Biographical Sketch of Helen A. Cook". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Hoskins, Danielle. "Biographical Sketch of Fannie Wilson Cooper". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ Johnson, James Elton. "Biographical Sketch of Henrietta Green Crawford". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ McCune, Sarah Lirley. "Biographical Sketch of Ella Cunningham". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ Kearns, Annemarie. "Biographical Sketch of Helen M. Curtis". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ a b c d Carrillo, Karen Juanita (2022-10-20). "Plaque unveiled for African American suffragists in Brooklyn". New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ Yaeger, Lynn (2015-10-21). "The African-American Suffragists History Forgot". Vogue. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ a b c "Five You Should Know: African American Suffragists". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ a b Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (1998). African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-21176-7.
- ^ McDaid, Jennifer Davis (October 26, 2018). "Woman Suffrage in Virginia". Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities.
- ^ Ramos, Emily; Szeneitas, Sophia. "Biographical Sketch of Lucy Proffitt". Alexander Street. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ "Letters regarding African American suffrage organization". Bullock Texas State History Museum. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
- ^ Brown, Tammy L. (2018-08-24). "Celebrate Women's Suffrage, but Don't Whitewash the Movement's Racism | ACLU". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ "Suffragists in Illinois". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. Retrieved 2020-10-26.
- ^ Morgan, Anita (2020). "We Must Be Fearless": The Woman Suffrage Movement in Indiana. Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87195-438-1.
Sources edit
- Boyd, Katherine (Spring 2018). Partial Suffrage in Iowa: 1894 (Thesis). University of Iowa.
- Davis, Elizabeth Lindsay (1922). The Story of the Illinois Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. Chicago – via Hathi Trust.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Sorenson, Mark W. (2004). "Ahead of Their Time: A Brief History of Suffrage in Illinois". Illinois Heritage. 7 (6). Illinois State Historical Society – via Illinois Periodicals Online.