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Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations refer to the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.[1] Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague.[2]
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History edit
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Economic relations edit
There is significant trade between the two countries in agriculture, oil, chemicals and machinery sectors.[3]
The Netherlands is the largest source of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan.[4] $90.4 billion of foreign direct investment was directed from the Netherlands to Kazakhstan from 1991 till 2019.[5] Dutch companies invested $7.3 billion into the economy of Kazakhstan in 2019 accounting for 30.2% of total FDI that year and remaining the biggest investors in the Central Asian country.[6]
A bilateral investment treaty signed in 2002 establishes a framework for fair and equitable treatment of respective investments and capital so to encourage foreign direct investment and trade.[7]
State visits edit
In 2015, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte met with Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana, Kazakhstan and affirmed the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and Kazakhstan.[8]
Resident diplomatic missions edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Netherlands embassy in Astana".
- ^ "Kazakhstan embassy in The Hague".
- ^ "Relations the Netherlands - Kazakhstan". Netherlands government Rijksoverheid.
- ^ "Kazakhstan - Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics". Export.gov.
- ^ "Kazakhstan attracts $330 billion FDI since 1991". astanatimes.com.
- ^ "Kazakhstan attracts $24.1 billion of FDI in 2019, $350 billion since independence". The Times of Central Asia.
- ^ "Agreement on encouragement and reciprocal protection of investments between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kingdom of the Netherlands". investmentpolicy.unctad.org. unctad.
- ^ "Dutch PM Rutte lauds new EU-Kazakhstan partnership agreement". EFE.
