John Caldwell Calhoun II (1843–1918) was an American planter and businessman. He was a large landowner in Chicot County, Arkansas, and a director of railroad companies. He was a prominent financier and developer of the "New South".
John Caldwell Calhoun II | |
|---|---|
_portrait.jpg) Calhoun circa 1902 | |
| Born | John Caldwell Calhoun II July 9, 1843 |
| Died | December 18, 1918 (aged 75) |
| Occupation(s) | Planter, businessman |
| Spouse | Lennie Adams |
| Children | 3 sons, 1 daughter |
| Parent(s) | Andrew Pickens Calhoun Margaret Green Calhoun |
| Relatives | Patrick Calhoun (brother) John C. Calhoun (paternal grandfather) |
Early life edit
He was born on July 9, 1843, in Demopolis, Alabama.[1] His father, Andrew Pickens Calhoun, was a planter.[1] He had a brother, Patrick Calhoun.[1] His paternal grandfather, John C. Calhoun, served as the Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.[2][3]
He was educated in Demopolis, Alabama.[1] He graduated from South Carolina College in 1863.[4]
During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, he served in the Confederate States Army (CSA).[1][2]
Career edit
In 1866, Calhoun entered in a partnership with James R. Powell, a businessman from Montgomery, Alabama, whereby he moved freedmen from the Southeast to Yazoo County, Mississippi, where they worked on new plantations.[1][2] A year later, he decided to do this on his own, and on a larger scale.[1][2] Over the years, he moved over 5,000 freedmen from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama to the Yazoo Valley of Mississippi.[1]
By 1869, Calhoun moved to the Florence Plantation in Chicot County, Arkansas, which was inherited by his wife through her mother.[2] By 1881–1882, he acquired a few more plantations in Chicot County: Harwood, Hebron, Luna, Fawnwood, Patria, Hyner's, and Latrobe.[2] He also acquired the Sunnyside Plantation from the Starling family for US$90,000.[2] He also acquired the Lakeport Plantation from his mother-in-law.[2] He established the Calhoun Land Company, the Florence Planting Company, and the Chicot Planting Company.[2] He teamed up with investors J. Baxter Upham of Boston and Austin Corbin of New York City.[2] However, due to heavy debt, by 1885, he let his brother divest of their Arkansas landholdings.[2]
Meanwhile, Calhoun moved to New York City, where he invested in the construction of Southern railways.[2] He served as on the Board of Directors of railroad companies.[3] He became the majority proprietor of the Baltimore Coal Mining and Railway Company.[1] He sued the United States Shipbuilding Company.[3]
Personal life edit
He married Linnie Adams on December 8, 1870, in Marengo County, Alabama.[2] She was the daughter of Betsy Johnson and grandniece of Richard Johnson, who served as the Vice President of the United States from 1837 to 1841.[2] They had three sons and one daughter.[1]
Death edit
He died on December 18, 1918, at his home 200 West Fifty-eighth Street, in Manhattan.[1][3] He was buried at the Saint Philips Episcopal Church Cemetery in Charleston, South Carolina.
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k John N. Ingham, Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders, Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group, Volume 1, 1983, pp. 124-125
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Gatewood, Willard B Jr. (Spring 1991). "Sunnyside: The Evolution of an Arkansas Plantation, 1840-1945". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 50 (1): 5–29. doi:10.2307/40022326. JSTOR 40022326.
- ^ a b c d "John C. Calhoun, Financier, Dies. Grandson and Namesake of a Vice President Was an Officer of Several Railroads. Ex-Southern Society Head. He Sued the United States Shipbuilding Co. and Other Financial Concerns for $1,000,000". The New York Times. December 19, 1918. Retrieved 2015-06-30.
John Caldwell Calhoun, financier and railroad President, grandson of the Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1829, for whom he was named, died yesterday morning at his home, 200 West Fifty-eighth Street, after an illness of four days, of heart disease. ...
- ^ "John Caldwell Calhoun (1843-1918)". National Register of the Society, Sons of the American Revolution. 1902. pp. 721–724.