Joe McDonald Ingraham (July 5, 1903 – May 27, 1990) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. He is best known as being the judge who sentenced the then World Heavyweight Champion Muhammad Ali to the maximum 5-year sentence available for refusing to fight in the unpopular Vietnam War.
Joe McDonald Ingraham | |
|---|---|
| Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | |
| In office July 31, 1973 – May 27, 1990 | |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | |
| In office December 18, 1969 – July 31, 1973 | |
| Appointed by | Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | Seat established by 82 Stat. 184 |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Gibbs Gee |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas | |
| In office August 6, 1954 – December 31, 1969 | |
| Appointed by | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Preceded by | Thomas Martin Kennerly |
| Succeeded by | Carl Olaf Bue Jr. |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Joe McDonald Ingraham July 5, 1903 Pawnee County, Oklahoma |
| Died | May 27, 1990 (aged 86) Houston, Texas |
| Education | National University School of Law (LLB) |
Education and career edit
Born in Pawnee County, Oklahoma, Ingraham received a Bachelor of Laws from National University School of Law (now the George Washington University Law School) in Washington, D.C., in 1927. He was then in private practice in Stroud, Oklahoma until 1928, then in Fort Worth, Texas until 1935, and then in Houston, Texas from 1935 to 1942. He was in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, from 1942 to 1946, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.[1] After the war, he returned to private practice in Houston until 1954.[2]
Federal judicial service edit
On May 10, 1954, Ingraham was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas vacated by Judge Thomas Martin Kennerly. Ingraham was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 6, 1954, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on December 31, 1969, due to his elevation to the Fifth Circuit.[2]
On December 2, 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Ingraham for elevation to a new seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit created by 82 Stat. 184. Confirmed by the Senate on December 17, 1969, Ingraham received his commission the following day. He assumed senior status on July 31, 1973, serving in that capacity until his death, on May 27, 1990, in Houston. He served additionally as a judge of the Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals from 1976 to 1988.[2]
References edit
- ^ Wilson, Steven Harmon. The Rise of Judicial Management in the U.S. District Court of Texas, 1955–2000, The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, page 51. ISBN 978-0-8203-2728-0.
- ^ a b c Joe McDonald Ingraham at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
Sources edit
- Joe McDonald Ingraham at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.