Wikipedia

Imanol Larzabal

Imanol Larzabal Goñi (November 11, 1947 in San Sebastián - June 25, 2004 in Orihuela), known as Imanol,[1][2] was a Basque Spanish singer and composer, and a champion of Basque language and culture. He went into exile from the Spanish Basque Country twice: first during the Franco dictatorship, and again in the last years of his life due to conflict with Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), a violent Basque separatist organization.[3][4]

Imanol Larzabal Goñi
Imanol Larzabal Goñi
Born(1947-11-11)November 11, 1947
San Sebastián, Spain
DiedJune 25, 2004(2004-06-25) (aged 56)
Orihuela, Spain
Resting placePolloe Cemetery
Occupations
  • singer
  • composer
Years active1964-2004

Early life and career edit

Imanol was born in San Sebastián, Spain on November 11, 1947, and completed studies in drafting, although he never came to practice the profession. He began singing in Basque in 1964 – a risky activity during Francoist Spain – publishing his first recording pseudonymously as self-titled Michel Etxegaray.[5]

In 1967, Imanol collaborated with ETA. On August 29, 1968, he was imprisoned for 6 months for terrorism, participating in an illegal organization, and propaganda. He went into exile in France, living in Bayonne, Bordeaux, and Paris. It was in France where he made contact with future friends and collaborators such as Paco Ibáñez, the Breton group Gwendal, and Elisa Serna.[6][7][8]

Return to Spain edit

After the Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law, he returned to Spain and continued his musical career in the Basque Country, engaging in various initiatives in defense of Basque culture and language such as the Korrika, a biennial 11-day nonstop running event that promotes awareness of the Basque language and adult education in Basque. Imanol drifted away from the ETA environment: although politically he continued to favor self-determination for the Basque country, he came to oppose violence in favor of singing to stir the conscience of others to the Basque cause.[2][6][9][10]

On June 10, 1985, Imanol was arrested along with his technical team after involvement in the escape of ETA prisoners Joseba Sarrionandia and Iñaki Pikabea from prison in Martutene. After Imanol performed a concert in the prison, the prisoners escaped by hiding inside two loudspeakers that were loaded into the group's van. However, Imanol was released after investigation.[2][4][9][10][11][12]

 
Mural of Imanol in San Sebastián (2022)

In 1986, Imanol participated in a concert in honor of ex-ETA leader María Dolores Katarain (known as Yoyes), who had been murdered by her former colleagues in the town of Ordizia after she tried to leave ETA. Imanol's participation resulted in many of his fans and colleagues boycotting and excluding him from recitals organized by Herri Batasuna. The sales of Imanol's records decreased as political aspersions against him increased. In the following years, he received death threats in the form of graffiti and vandalism of his car.[6][7][9][10][12][13][14]

On September 21, 1989, Imanol performed another concert for Yoyes. As a result, threats against him intensified. In response, a group of friends including some cadres from Euskadiko Ezkerra of Ordizia proposed organizing a further concert in support of Imanol.

On November 2, 1989, Imanol announced a performance entitled "All Against Fear" would be held 3 days later with the participation of several other Basque artists.[2][12][15] The following day, even more joined to perform, including improvisational singers (bertsolaris). Telegrams were read from the union CCOO and about 180 former ETA prisoners signed a statement in support of Imanol and rejected the "obligatory thinking" of the terrorist group.[13][14][16] Although some of the signatories later withdrew their support, Imanol was given 150 signature sheets of support on the day of the concert.[4]

A month later, Imanol was to perform in Ataun along with 8 other artists at a tribute to Jose Migel Barandiaran for his hundredth birthday. Only 2 of those 8 artists were willing to share a stage with Imanol, the others opposing Imanol's presence or trying to avoid involvement in extra-musical matters.[13]

Second Exile edit

In October 2000, Imanol announced that he was leaving the Basque Country, fed up with ETA's repeated death threats and the "suffocating atmosphere of fear and repression in the Basque region" that ETA had created over the years since he participated in the tribute concert in 1986 to Yoyes.[7][17][18] After 2000, he returned to the Basque Country only sporadically, to perform or visit but not to live.[19] Around the same time, he participated in some events organized by ¡Basta Ya!.

In 2004, Imanol collaborated on a collective album in memory of the deceased Julen Lekuona.[20] That year, he released his album Ausencia, singing in Spanish to honor Professor Mikel Azurmendi, a personal friend who also decided to leave the Basque Country.[1]

On June 25, 2004, Imanol died in Orihuela, Spain due to a stroke, after spending several days in a coma.[21] He had planned to perform in an homage to Republicans, but died before the event.[7] A recording of lullabies in various languages was also left unfinished. He was buried at Polloe Cemetery in his native San Sebastián.[22]

Discography edit

  • Orain borrokarenean (Le Chant du Monde, 1972).
  • Herriak ez du barkatuko (1974).
  • Lau haizetara (1977).
  • Sentimentuen hauspoz (1979).
  • Etxahun-Etxahun (1980).
  • Jo ezan (1981).
  • Iratze okre geldiak (1983)
  • Erromantzeak (1984).
  • Orhoituz (1985).
  • Mea kulparik ez (1986).
  • Joan-etorrian (1987).
  • Muga beroetan (1989).
  • Amodioaren berri (1990).
  • Viajes de mar y luna (1990).
  • Barne kanta (1994).
  • Hori bera da denen ixtoria (1996).
  • Oroitzen, with Paco Ibáñez (1999).
  • Ausencia (2000).
  • Son de niños (2001), a collaboration, children's song compilation.
  • Versos encendidos (2003).

References edit

  1. ^ a b "El cantautor amenazado" [The threatened singer-songwriter] (in Spanish). El Mundo. October 8, 2000. Archived from the original on February 11, 2001.
  2. ^ a b c d "Discussion Paper" (in French). Switzerland: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. 2017. p. 34. Imanol Larzabal, un chanteur-compositeur très connu en Euskadi, organise en novembre 1989, à Saint Sébastien, un "concert contre la peur". Cet homme avait été militant, proche d'E.T.A., et avait défrayé la chronique en 1985 en faisant évader deux "étarras" qu'il avait cachés dans des baffes au cours d'un concert donné en prison; son évolution rapide est symptomatique du revirement qui se précise dans l'opinion basque.
  3. ^ Pux, Donat (June 27, 2004). "El cantautor vasco Imanol fallece a los 56 años por un derrame cerebral" [Basque Singer Imanol Dies, Age 54, From Stroke] (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011.
  4. ^ a b c Wieviorka, Michael (1997). "8. ETA and Basque Political Violence". In Apter, David (ed.). The Legitimization of Violence. NYU Press. pp. 342–343. ISBN 9780814706497.
  5. ^ Barandiaran Arteaga, Gotzon (2018). "Erbestetik herriminez (From Exile to Hometown)". Hitzen ahairea [The Spirit of Words] (in Basque). SUSA Literatura. ISBN 978-84-17051-16-7. 1969an Michel Etxegaray ezizenez diskoak plazaratzen hasi zenetik aldean zeraman galdera Imanolek. 1968an kartzelatu egin zuten.
  6. ^ a b c "Imanol - Biografia" [Imanol - Biography] (in Basque). Badok: Berriaren Euskal Musikaren Ataria. June 27, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d Martín Matos, José A. (2013). "Las noticias sobre ETA en la música vasca (1972-2012). El rock como documentación informativa" [News about ETA in Basque music (1972-2012). Rock as informative documentation]. Mediatika (in Spanish) (14). Universidad del País Vasco: 69.
  8. ^ Delgado, Ander; Etxezarreta, Ekaitz (2018). "De los cantatuores al Rock Radical" [From singer-songwriters to Radical Rock]. Historia Contemporánea (in Spanish) (57): 388, 391.
  9. ^ a b c Lecumberri, Jokin (August 26, 2019). "Imanol pasa por el filtro de Harkaitz Cano" [Imanol passes through the filter of Harkaitz Cano] (in Spanish). La Vanguardia.
  10. ^ a b c Hernández Abaitua, Mikel (2022). "Los años de polmo" [The years of lead] (in Spanish). Tintas. Quaderni di letterature iberiche e iberoamericane. pp. 251, 253. ISSN 2240-5437.
  11. ^ Egaña, Iñaki (1996). "Fugos de presos vascos". Diccionario histórico-político de Euskal Herria [Escape by Basque Prisoners] (in Spanish). Txalaparta. p. 338. ISBN 9788481360394.
  12. ^ a b c Martínez Gorriarán, Carlos (2007). "2. Los movimientos cívicos contra ETA". Movimientos cívicos. De la calle al Parlamento [Civic movements. From the street to the Parliament] (in Spanish). Turpial. p. 103. ISBN 9788495157263.
  13. ^ a b c Alemán Amundarain, Josemari (June 25, 2009). "Cinco años sin Imanol" [Five years without Imanol] (in Spanish). El Diario Vasco.
  14. ^ a b Millán, Harkaitz (2021). "Prólogo". Fin de ETA: 10 años [ETA's End: 10 Years] (PDF) (in Spanish). La cultura frente a ETA. p. 11. ISBN 978-84-09-34300-3.
  15. ^ Barbería, José Luis (November 3, 1989). "Imanol Larzábal: 'Todos contra el miedo' en el País Vasco" [Imanol Larzábal: 'All Against Fear' in the Basque Country] (in Spanish). El País.
  16. ^ Intxausti, Aurora (November 3, 1989). "Ex militantes de ETA apoyan al cantautor Imanol tras las amenazas de los terroristas" [Former ETA militants support singer-songwriter Imanol after terrorist threats]. El País.
  17. ^ Nelson, Elizabeth Ann (2021). Regional Politics and State Succession. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 146. ISBN 9781839103773.
  18. ^ Shepard, William S. (2002). "The ETA: Spain Fights Europe's Last Active Terrorist Group". Mediterranean Quarterly. Vol. 13. Duke University Press. p. 61.
  19. ^ "Imanol hil da" [Imanol has died] (in Basque). Berria. June 26, 2004.
  20. ^ "Fallece el cantautor vasco Imanol tras permanecer varios días en coma" [The Basque singer-songwriter Imanol dies after spending several days in a coma] (in Spanish). El País. June 26, 2004.
  21. ^ "Fallece el cantautor vasco Imanol tras permanecer varios días en coma" [The Basque singer-songwriter Imanol dies after spending several days in a coma] (in Spanish). El Mundo. June 26, 2004.
  22. ^ "Amigos y familiares despiden entre muestras de dolor a Imanol" [Friends and family say goodbye to Imanol between signs of pain] (in Spanish). El Periódico de Aragón. June 29, 2004.

Further reading edit

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