Homeward Bound Battery and Dam is a heritage-listed stamping mill and reservoir at Croydon, Shire of Croydon, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1888 by Mr Schumacher. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.[1]
| Homeward Bound Battery and Dam | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Homeward Bound Battery foundations, 1994 | |
| Location | Croydon, Shire of Croydon, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 18°08′56″S 142°16′19″E / 18.1488°S 142.2719°E |
| Design period | 1870s–1890s (late 19th century) |
| Built | 1888 |
| Official name | Homeward Bound Battery and Dam |
| Type | state heritage (built, archaeological) |
| Designated | 21 October 1992 |
| Reference no. | 600439 |
| Significant period | 1888 (fabric) |
| Significant components | dam/reservoir, machinery/plant/equipment – mining/mineral processing, mounting block/stand |
| Builders | Mr Schumacher |
  Location of Homeward Bound Battery and Dam in Queensland  Homeward Bound Battery and Dam (Australia) | |
History edit
The Homeward Bound reef north of Croydon officially produced 22,280 long tons (22,640 t) of ore, for a yield of 25,335 ounces (718,200 g) of gold, between 1886 and 1911. Work resumed between 1912 and 1916 for a yield of 882 ounces (25,000 g) of gold from 268 long tons (272 t) of ore and again between 1935 and 1940, when 11.2 long tons (11.4 t) of ore returned 4.2 ounces (120 g) of gold.[1]
The Homeward Bound battery commenced crushing on 28 February 1888 with 20 head of stamps. The main mines serving the battery were all situated along the Homeward Bound reef on or near the summit of the ridge above Waterfall Creek. Homeward Bound Extended Block No.1 North Company (with a nominal capital of £12,000 in 20,000 shares) owned several of the mines and Croydon Homeward Bound Gold Mining Company owned the battery. The 20 head of stamps and eight berdan pans were driven by a 20 horsepower (15 kW) portable steam engine. The plant was valued at £5,500.[1]
Water was a problem throughout the Croydon Goldfield and a large dam with a stone pitched wall was constructed in 1888, by a Mr. Shoemaker (or Schumacher).[2] Even so the Homeward Bound battery could not crush that year.[1]
The Mountain Maid United Gold Mining Company (with a nominal capital of 56,000 ten shilling shares) took over the Homeward Bound battery in 1890 but relinquished it to the original company again in 1891. By then the Homeward Bound claim was almost abandoned. Although the major companies had failed, the battery was revitalized in 1893 by co-operative parties who were getting good results. One old miner said in 1896 that the Homeward Bound "has had less public attention paid to it than any other line on this extensive goldfield but left to the stragglers like myself to scratch away". When other Croydon mines were considering closing down, in 1898 the Homeward Bound was producing almost two ozs of gold per ton of stone. In 1899 Homeward Bound No. 4 South had a spectacular crushing of 232 ounces (6,600 g) from 68 long tons (69 t). Lane and Pate took over the battery in 1901 and cyaniding was commenced in 1902 using some of the equipment from the Pioneer cyanide works at Gorge Creek. In 1903, 144 ounces (4,100 g) of gold were obtained from 156 long tons (159 t) of quartz. However, by 1904 the Homeward Bound Company had lost the reef and others were only putting small crushings through and mining gradually petered out.[1]
In the first year of cyaniding, 510 long tons (520 t) of tailings were treated for a yield of 668 ounces (18,900 g) of gold bullion, but production increased thirteenfold in 1903 so that it was the second largest cyaniding treatment plant on the field - 6,565 long tons (6,670 t) of tailings were treated for 5,059 ounces (143,400 g) of gold bullion. They continued with 2,650 long tons (2,690 t) of tailings yielding 239 ounces (6,800 g) of gold bullion in 1904; 3,120 long tons (3,170 t) of old tailings for 1,728 ounces (49,000 g) of gold bullion in 1905; and 480 long tons (490 t) of old tailings for 223 ounces (6,300 g) and 940 long tons (960 t) of new tailings for 637 ounces (18,100 g) in 1906. The average bullion values were amongst the highest on the Croydon Goldfield.[1]
The settlement was never more than a camp with only a store, boarding house and postal receiving office from 1888 to 1893. An open cut mine and carbon-in-pulp treatment plant operated from 1988 to 1990 near the Homeward Bound mining area and surface evidence from earlier workings was lost in the more recent operations.[1]
Description edit
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The place contains two component groups: the dam and dam wall (or overshot weir) and the battery foundations. The dam wall is expertly constructed of large blocks of rough-shaped stone. The stonework reaches a maximum height of 5 metres (16 ft) above the downstream creek bed surface (the foundations could be buried a further 4 metres (13 ft)) and extends across the creek for about 40 metres (130 ft) from where an earth wall continues for a further 55 metres (180 ft). The wall contains a lower spillway section. The top of the wall is concrete rendered for the length of its stone construction. A vertical boiler on a base of stamper dyes is located at the northern end of the wall at a former cyanide plant site. The dam is heavily silted and lined with acacia on the upstream edge of the wall. The clay bed of the dam extends north-east for about 250 metres (820 ft).[1]
The battery site, situated on the northern bank of the dam, has been stripped of all buildings and plant. Remaining, are a broken concrete engine mount, concrete and aggregate foundations for twenty head of stamps, a twenty head camshaft with ten cams, and a beam pump arm.[1]
The Homeward Bound settlement site on Waterfall Creek about 300–400 metres (980–1,310 ft) east of the battery contains several intact stone fireplaces and numerous stone surfaces. The extent of the settlement was not surveyed.[1]
Heritage listing edit
Homeward Bound Battery and Dam was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.[1]
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The Homeward Bound Battery and Dam is significant in Queensland's history as one of the mining settlements, or suburbs of Croydon, on the former Croydon Goldfield. The place demonstrates a number of stages in the development of Croydon Goldfield - British investment in ore crushing, then cyaniding to fully extract any remaining gold once a permanent water supply had been secured.[1]
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
The dam wall is the most substantial structure surviving at Homeward Bound and is the largest and earliest (1888) associated with mining, recorded in North Queensland. The size and quality of the stonework is noteworthy in a regional context. There were few dams constructed on the Croydon Goldfield even though lack of water was a perennial problem.[1]
References edit
Attribution edit
This Wikipedia article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).
External links edit
Media related to Homeward Bound Battery and Dam at Wikimedia Commons