Wikipedia

Henry Hood, 2nd Viscount Hood

Henry Hood, 2nd Viscount Hood (25 August 1753 – 25 January 1836), was an English peer and courtier. He is known for his relationship with Caroline of Brunswick.

Life edit

He was the third son of Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, a naval officer, and his wife Susannah Linzee; his elder brothers Samuel and Thomas died young.[1][2]

An early military career began in 1769, when, named as Henry Hood, Gent., he entered the 64th Foot by purchase, as ensign.[3] It ended in 1777 when he left the 4th Dragoons, where he had been a lieutenant.[4]

Family politics and titles edit

 
Satirical print on the 1782 Westminster by-election, with the figure on the far right meant for Henry Hood, the figure on the water Sir Samuel Hood, and Lord North (upper left) shown backing Samuel Hood[5]

In 1782, Henry Hood was the political manager for his father's candidature in a by-election for Westminster. It was caused by the elevation of Sir Samuel Hood's naval colleague George Rodney to the House of Lords. There was stiff opposition, with Cecil Wray backed by Charles James Fox prevailing.[5] Sir Samuel at the time was at sea, with Rodney, participating in naval battles of the American Revolutionary War. Later in 1782 he became Baron Hood of Catherington, in the Peerage of Ireland, a title that could be held by Members of the Westminster Parliament.[1] In 1784 he was elected at Westminster, ahead of Fox and Wray.[6]

Having played a prominent part in naval operations of the War of the First Coalition, Lord Hood returned to Great Britain in 1794 and was made Admiral of the Blue in 1795; only to be relieved of his naval command by George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, who found his intriguing for ships insubordinate.[1] The Hood family was on good terms with the political Pitt and Grenville families, but Earl Spencer had replaced John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham, at the Admiralty.[7] Political recognition for Hood's efforts came first by the creation in 1795 of a suo jure barony for Susannah, Lady Hood, in the Peerage of Great Britain. Lord Hood became Governor of Greenwich Hospital, a position in the gift of the King, which marked the end of his naval career. He did not stand for the Westminster seat in the 1796 British general election, and went to the House of Lords that year, with a further title in the Peerage of Great Britain (a viscountcy).[1][8] These titles then came to Henry Hood from his parents, on their respective deaths in 1806 and 1816.[1][9]

Commoner edit

In 1798, Henry Hood became Major Commandant of the Finchdean Volunteers.[10] By 1801, he commanded a second body of volunteer militia in east Hampshire, the Portsdown Cavalry, raised in 1799.[11]

Around 1800, Princess Caroline took up residence at Montagu House, Blackheath, across Greenwich Park from Greenwich Hospital. There she built up a social group that included Lord Hood, as well as Thomas Manby, Sidney Smith, Amelius Beauclerk and George Canning.[12] It was noticed in 1805 that Henry Hood visited the Princess there.[13] He at some point became her lover.[14]

Catherington House edit

Catherington, albeit the seat chosen by Lord Hood for his Irish peerage, is a Hampshire village. He built Catherington House near there, in what is now Horndean.[15][16] Hood began by leasing a farmhouse in 1764, which he enlarged over time, and used to entertain.[17] The leased land attached to the house changed hands, passing from Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort to Jervoise Clarke Jervoise in 1774.[18]

Princess Caroline decided to stay in the area, for the month of August 1805. It caused some temporary fashion, with hunting boxes in demand in the neighbourhood, such as at Blendworth; and for the Powlett Hounds.[19] Hester Lisle, the lady-in-waiting accompanying the Princess, wrote to her daughter Marcia Arbuthnot from Catherington on 19 August. The Princess had made a swift carriage journey there, and went out for long expeditions:

"Perhaps you would like to know what sort of a place this is; it's a very comfortable Gentleman's House, but very retired. However, we are seldom in it. Mr. Hood is fortunately in the Neighbourhood, for, as the Princess has not any male attendant, 'tis fortunate there should be a Gentleman who will take the trouble of attending our flying excursions ...[20]

The following year, Lisle's deposition to the "Delicate Investigation" mentioned excursions of the Princess with Henry Hood and his servant alone, in a whisky, of several hours duration.[21]

Baron and Viscount edit

 
Whitley Abbey, Warwickshire, 1818 engraving, which came to Henry Hood by his marriage

In 1805 Hood's father-in-law died, and in 1806 his mother died, passing on her barony to him. Hood moved away from Catherington House, where he had spent much of his time, while making a deal that secured him the freehold of most of the land there.[18] His father the 1st Viscount brought in Sir John Soane to do work on Whitley Abbey, in 1810.[22] Catherington House was rented to tenants from 1807, and was sold in 1823 to Henry Morgan.[18]

By 1820, when Henry was 2nd Viscount Hood, Whitley Abbey was described as his seat.[23] He received a state pension first granted to his father.[24]

Supporter of Caroline of Brunswick edit

 
Satirical print from 1821 showing supporters of Queen Caroline: Henry Hood is the figure on the extreme right[25]

Princess Caroline left the United Kingdom for Italy in 1813, returning after the accession of George IV in January 1820, as Queen Caroline.[26] Lord Hood took charge of her household, as Chamberlain, during 1820.[27]

Hood also accompanied the Queen, during her vain attempt to gain admission to the coronation of George IV in 1821. After some attempts at other entrances, when Hood spoke for the Queen, the Queen's party, with Hood and Lady Anne Hamilton, was headed off by Robert Harry Inglis, Gold Staff Officer to the Coronation. He arrived hurriedly through Old Palace Yard, as they attempted to gain access to Westminster Abbey by an entrance adjacent to Poet's Corner. Inglis had speech with the Queen, the outcome of which was that Inglis called for her carriage to be brought up.[28]

 
Queen Caroline Repulsed from the Door of Westminster Abbey, engraving from the Illustrated History of England (1865), vol. VII, with the Queen holding Lord Hood's arm

Family edit

Hood married in 1774 Jane Wheler (died 1847 at age 93), the daughter of Francis Wheler (1719–1805) of Whitley Abbey, who was a grandson of the naval officer Francis Wheler (1656–1694).[29][30][31] They had six daughters and two sons, including:[32]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Baugh, Daniel A.; Duffy, Michael. "Hood, Samuel, first Viscount Hood (1724–1816)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13678. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ Lodge, Edmund (1832). Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain: Engraved from Authentic Pictures in the Galleries of His Majesty, the Nobility, and the Public Collections ; with Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Their Lives and Actions. Harding and Lepard. p. 11.
  3. ^ The Scots Magazine, Or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics. Alex. Chapman. 1769. p. 560.
  4. ^ "No. 11755". The London Gazette. 25 March 1777.
  5. ^ a b "A log-book candidate in full sail to defeat a Wray of honesty, satirical print, British Museum collection". The British Museum.
  6. ^ "Westminster 1754-1790, History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.
  7. ^ Ehrman, John (1983). The Younger Pitt: The reluctant transition. Vol. II. London: Constable. p. 463 and note 5. ISBN 0094667500.
  8. ^ "Hood, Sir Samuel, 1st Bt., 1st Baron Hood [I] (1724-1816), of Catherington, Hants. History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.
  9. ^ a b Nichols, John Gough (1874). The Herald and Genealogist. Nichols. p. 424.
  10. ^ The London Chronicle. J. Wilkie. 1797. p. 594.
  11. ^ The Bulletin. Vol. 57–58. The Military History Society. 2006. p. 178.
  12. ^ Rede, Leman Thomas (1827). Memoir of the right honorable Georg Canning, late Premier of England. p. 389.
  13. ^ Fraser, Flora (11 March 2012). The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline. A&C Black. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4088-3254-7.
  14. ^ Fraser, Flora (11 March 2012). The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline. A&C Black. p. 409. ISBN 978-1-4088-3254-7.
  15. ^ "Parishes: Catherington, British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  16. ^ Historic England. "Catherington House, Catherington Lane (1179074)". National Heritage List for England.
  17. ^ Stapleton, Barry; Thomas, James H. (1 November 2017). Gales: A Study in Brewing, Business and Family History. Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-351-77673-8.
  18. ^ a b c "Kingscourt School (Catherington House)". Hampshire Gardens Trust.
  19. ^ "Old Country Sketches: Catherington and Horndean". Hampshire Telegraph. 21 July 1888. p. 11.
  20. ^ Arbuthnot, Ada Jane Evelyn (1920). Memories of the Arbuthnots of Kincardineshire and Aberdeenshire. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd. pp. 185–186.
  21. ^ Williams, Charles Verulam (1813). "The Book", Complete: Being the Whole of the Depositions ... of the Conduct of the Princess of Wales Before Lords Erskine, Spencer, Grenville, and Ellenborough, the Four Commissioners of Inquiry Appointed by the King in the Year 1806; Prepared for Publication by the Late Right Hon. Spencer Perceval. Sherwood. pp. 34–35.
  22. ^ Howard Colvin (1978). A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840. John Murray. p. 770. ISBN 0-7195-3328-7.
  23. ^ Neale, John Preston (1820). Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Sherwood, Jones and Company. p. 347.
  24. ^ Commons, Great Britain House of (1819). Journals of the House of Commons. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 840.
  25. ^ "The Grand Coronation of Her Most Graceless Majesty C-R-L--E Columbina the first Queen of all the Radicals &c &c &c July 19th 1821 - National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk.
  26. ^ Smith, E. A. "Caroline [Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel] (1768–1821)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4722. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  27. ^ Doyle, James Edmund (1886). Official Baronage of England. Vol. II. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 211.
  28. ^ Fraser, Flora (11 March 2012). The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline. A&C Black. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4088-3254-7.
  29. ^ "The City of Coventry: The outlying parts of Coventry, Pinley, Shortley, and Whitley, British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  30. ^ Neale, John Preston (1820). Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Sherwood, Jones and Company. p. 347.
  31. ^ Howard, Joseph Jackson; Crisp, Frederick Arthur (1909). Visitation of England and Wales. Vol. Notes VIII. London: Priv. printed. p. 40.
  32. ^ The Lindeseie and Limesi families of Great Britain, including the probates at Somerset house, London, England, of all the spellings of the name Lindeseie from 1300 to 1800. Boston, Mass.: Priv. Print., The Fort Hill Press. 1917. pp. 714–716.
  33. ^ "Richards, Richard George (RCRS792RG)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  34. ^ Hall, John A. (1998). A history of the Peninsular War. Vol. VIII. London: Greenhill Books. p. 289. ISBN 9781853673153.
  35. ^ Yarrington, Alison; Lieberman, Ilene D.; Potts, Alex; Barker, Malcolm (1991). "An Edition of the Ledger of Sir Francis Chantrey R.A., at the Royal Academy, 1809-1841". The Volume of the Walpole Society. 56: 113. ISSN 0141-0016. JSTOR 41829570.
  36. ^ Dod, Robert Phipps (1846). The Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland for ...: Including All the Titled Classes. Whittaker. p. 209.
  37. ^ O'Byrne, William R. (1849). "Mason, Francis" . A Naval Biographical Dictionary. London: John Murray.
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by Viscount Hood
1816–1836 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Baron Hood
1806–1836
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by Baron Hood
1816–1836 		Succeeded by
Baronetage of Great Britain
Preceded by Baronet
of Catherington
1816–1836 		Succeeded by
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