The Governor of Pendennis Castle was a military officer who commanded the fortifications at Pendennis Castle, part of the defences of the River Fal and Carrick Roads, on the south coast of Cornwall near Falmouth. Originally fortified under Henry VIII, defences in the area were intermittently maintained until after the Second World War. The office of governor was abolished in 1837, when Gen. Anderson received the colonelcy of the 78th Regiment of Foot.
Governors of Pendennis Castle edit
The early Governorship was a quasi-hereditary office, whose holders were as follows:
- John III Killigrew (d.1567) of Arwenack, Falmouth, first Governor, appointed by King Henry VIII.[1] His monumental brass survives in St Budock's Church, Budock Water, near Falmouth, inscribed as follows:
- "Heere lyeth John Killigrew, Esquier, of Arwenack and lord of ye manor of Killigrew in Cornewall, and Elizabeth Trewinnard his wife. He was the first Captaine of Pendennis Castle, made by King Henry the eight and so continued untill the nynth of Queene Elizabeth at which time God tooke him to his mercye, being the yeare of Our Lord 1567. Sr John Killigrew, Knight, his son(n)e succeeded him in ye same place by the gift of Queene Elizabeth".[2]
- 1567–1583/4: Sir John IV Killigrew (d.1583/4) of Arwenack, son, 2nd Governor,[3] appointed by Queen Elizabeth I, as stated on his father's brass in St Budock's Church.
- 1584–1598: John V Killigrew (c. 1557 – 1605), of Arwennack, son, 3rd Governor. He was removed from office due to grave suspicions about his loyalty to the English Crown, and for a generation, the Killigrews lost their quasi-hereditary right to the office.[4]
- 1598–1603: Sir Nicholas Parker (died 1603)[5] An inscribed slate ledger stone in his memory exists against the south wall of the chancel of St Budock's Church.[6]
- 1603–?1614: Sir John Parker[7]
- 1614–April 1633: Sir Robert Killigrew (died 1633) of Hanworth, Middlesex, jointly with his eldest son Sir William Killigrew (1606–1695)[8] of Kempton Park, Middlesex, a grandson and great-grandson respectively of John Killigrew (d.1567) of Arwennack, the first Governor.[9]
- 1633–1635: Sir William Killigrew[10]
- April 1635 – 1643: Sir Nicholas Slanning (1606-1643),[11] a Royalist commander during the Civil War. Killed at the battle of Bristol, in 1643. His widow Gertrude Bagg remarried to Richard Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Trerice (c.1616-1687), the 2nd son of the next Governor.
- c. 1643 – 1646: Sir John VII Arundell (1576–1654), of Trerice, nicknamed "Jack-for-the-King". During the Civil War in 1646 he held the castle for King Charles I, and withstood a five-month long siege by Parliamentarian forces, at the end of which his forces were reduced by hunger to eating their horses. He obtained an honourable surrender.
- 1646–1648: Col. Richard Fortescue (d.1657), for Parliament. His relationship to the prominent Devonshire family of Fortescue of Filleigh and Weare Giffard is unclear. He was seated at Hickfield in the county of Southampton, and was later Commander-in-Chief in Jamaica, where he died in 1657.[12]
- 1648-1649: John Fox, for Parliament/Commonwealth.[13]
- 1649–1658?: Sir Hardres Waller, for Parliament/Commonwealth.[13]
- 1659–1660: Anthony Rowse, for Parliament/Commonwealth.
- 1660–1662: Sir Peter Killigrew, 2nd Baronet (c. 1634–1704), appointed at the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, by General George Monck.[13] A grandson of the 3rd Governor John V Killigrew (c. 1557 – 1605), of Arwennack.
- 1662: Richard Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Trerice (c. 1616 – 1687), 2nd son of Governor Sir John VII Arundell (1576–1654), of Trerice, "Jack-for-the-King".
- 1680–1696: John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628-1701), of Stowe, Kilkhampton, Cornwall, who played a leading role in the Restoration of the Monarchy of 1660. He was a cousin of the Arundells of Trerice.[14]
- 1696–1703: Bevil Granville (d.1706), a nephew of the previous Governor John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628-1701)
- 1703–1714: George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne, successor to his brother, Governor Bevil Granville (d.1706)
- 1714–1725: Brig-Gen. Richard Munden
- 1726–1734: John Hobart
- 1735–1737: Lt-Gen. James Tyrrell
- 1737–1749: Lt-Gen. William Barrell[15]
- 1749–1753: Lt-Col. John Laforey
- 1753–1774: Lt-Col. Arthur Owen[16]
- 1774–1775: Lt-Col. Charles Beauclerk[17]
- 1775–1793: Lt-Col. Robert Robinson (previously Colonel of 32nd Foot)
- 1793–1823: General Felix Buckley
- 1823–1832: General Sir Martin Hunter (Governor of Stirling Castle, 1832–46)
- 1832–1837: General Paul Anderson[18](Colonel of 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot, 1837–51)
- office abolished
Lieutenant-Governors of Pendennis edit
- c.1613: Sir Nicholas Halse [19]
- c.1628: John Tresahar [19]
- 1658–: Robert Roberts [19]
- 1663–: Colonel Legg [19]
- 1666–: Sir John Stevens [19]
- 1697-1717 Captain Richard Trevanion [20]
- 1729–1739?: John Folliott
- ?–1747: Daniel Houghton
- 1747–?: John Waite[21]
- 1749–1769: Richard Bowles[22]
- 12 January 1770 – 1776: William Fawcett
- 1776–1797: Nevinson Poole[23]
- 1797–1811: Philip Melvill
- 1811–1814: James Considine[24]
- 1814–1832: William Fenwick[25]
- 1832–1835: Loftus Grey
- office abolished
References edit
- ^ Dunkin, Edwin Hadlow Wise, The Monumental Brasses of Cornwall with Descriptive, Genealogical and Heraldic Notes, 1882, pp.36-7
- ^ Dunkin, Edwin Hadlow Wise, The Monumental Brasses of Cornwall with Descriptive, Genealogical and Heraldic Notes, 1882, pp.36-7, Plate 31
- ^ Pedigree of Killigrew, Vivian, J.L., ed. (1887). The Visitations of Cornwall: comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1530, 1573 & 1620; with additions by J.L. Vivian. Exeter, p.268 [1]
- ^ History of Parliament biography [2]
- ^ Nicholas Hals Pender, A Falmouth Guide: Containing a Concise Account of the History, Trade, Port and Public Establishments of Falmouth, etc., Falmouth, 1825, p.86 [3]
- ^ Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.3, p.48
- ^ "PARKER, John II (1548-1617), of Willingdon, Suss. and Charing Cross, London". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ History of Parliament biography [4]
- ^ Pedigree of Killigrew, Vivian, J.L., ed. (1887). The Visitations of Cornwall: comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1530, 1573 & 1620; with additions by J.L. Vivian. Exeter, pp.268,270 [5]
- ^ "KILLIGREW, Sir William II (1606-1695), of Pendennis Castle, Cornw.; later of Lincoln's Inn Fields, London and Kempton Park, Mdx". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ See History of Parliament biography of Sir William Killigrew (1606–1695)[6]
- ^ http://www.fortescue.org
- ^ a b c Nicholas Hals Pender, A Falmouth Guide, 1825, p.86
- ^ They shared common descent from Sir Thomas Grenville (died 1513)
- ^ "No. 7620". The London Gazette. 19 July 1737. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 9312". The London Gazette. 16 October 1753. p. 3.
- ^ "No. 11511". The London Gazette. 19 November 1774. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 18959". The London Gazette. 24 July 1832. p. 1703.
- ^ a b c d e Pendennis and St Mawes.
- ^ Sandoe-Gilbert, Charles (1820). The Historical Survey of the County of Cornwall volume 2. Congdon. p. 307.
- ^ "No. 8725". The London Gazette. 5 March 1747. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 8874". The London Gazette. 8 August 1749. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 11719". The London Gazette. 16 November 1776. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 16539". The London Gazette. 9 November 1811. p. 2167.
- ^ "No. 16848". The London Gazette. 25 January 1814. p. 211.