Gongylonema is a genus of thread-like nematode that was described by Molin in 1857. It is the only currently valid genus in the family Gongylonematidae, though the mysterious Spiruroides – usually placed in the Subuluridae, which are not closely related to Gongylonema among the Spiruria – might actually belong here. They are parasites of birds and mammals, transmitted by insects (especially beetles).[2] Some 38 species are known, about 12 of which have been recorded in Europe.[3][4]

Gongylonema
Head of male Gongylonema pulchrum, from human infection;[1] note characteristic bosses
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Gongylonematidae
Hall, 1916
Genus: Gongylonema
Molin, 1857
Synonyms
  • Gongylomene Vaullegeard., 1901
  • Gongylonemoides Lent & Freitas, 1937
  • Misonunus Petrov, 1910
  • Myzomimus Stiles, 1892
  • Progongylonema Hernandez-Rodriguez & Gutierrez-Palomino 1993

Several species are significant parasites of domestic animals, causing gongylonemiasis. Human infection by these nematodes is very rare: since its discovery fewer than 100 people have been reported to be infected with these parasites,[5] always with the species G. pulchrum.[1][6]

Species

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References

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  1. ^ a b Pesson, B.; Hersant, C.; Biehler, JF.; Abou-Bacar, A.; Brunet, J.; Pfaff, AW.; Ferté, H.; Candolfi, E. (2013). "First case of human gongylonemosis in France". Parasite. 20: 5. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013007. PMC 3718519. PMID 23425508.  
  2. ^ Quentin, J.-C.; Seguignes, M. (1979). "Cycle biologique de Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916 parasite du Hérisson d'Afrique du Nord". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 54 (6): 637–644. doi:10.1051/parasite/1979546637.  
  3. ^ David Gibson (April 19, 2007). "Gongylonema". Fauna Europaea. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  4. ^ Joel Hallan, ed. (August 7, 2007). "Family Gongylonematidae". Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  5. ^ Haruki, K., Furuya, H., Saito, S., Kamiya, S. & Kagei, N. 2005: Gongylonema infection in man: A first case of gongylonemosis in Japan. Helminthologia, 42, 63-66. Free PDF
  6. ^ "Gongylonema". Biology Online. October 3, 2005. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  7. ^ Quentin, J.-C.; Seureau, C. (1978). "Identification et biologie du Gongylonème parasite du Macroscélide en Tunisie". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 53 (6): 631–640. doi:10.1051/parasite/1978536631.  
  8. ^ Hernandez-Rodriguez, S.; Gutiérrez-Palomino, P. N. (1992). "Gongylonema (Progongylonema) pacoi n. subgen. n. sp. (Spiruroidea : Gongylonematidae) parasite d'oiseaux Corvidae" (PDF). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 67 (6): 188–193. doi:10.1051/parasite/1992676188. ISSN 0003-4150.  
  9. ^ Mas-Coma, S. (1977). "Gongylonema pithyusensis n. sp. (Nematoda : Spiruridae), parasite œsophagien du Lérot Eliomys quercinus ophiusae Thomas, 1925 (Rodentia : Gliridae) à Formentera (Baléares)". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 52 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1051/parasite/1977521013.