El Pueblo ('The People') was a revolutionary newspaper published in Nicaragua. El Pueblo was the organ of Frente Obrero ('Workers Front'), the trade union wing of the Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement (MAP-ML).[2][3][4] The newspaper began publication in March 1979.[5][6]
| Type | Daily (1979-1980), Thrice-weekly (1989), Weekly (1990) |
|---|---|
| Format | Tabloid[1] |
| Owner(s) | Cooperative |
| Publisher | Frente Obrero |
| Editor | Melvin Wallace |
| Founded | 1979 |
| Political alignment | MAP-ML |
| Ceased publication | 1980 |
| Relaunched | 1989 |
| Headquarters | Managua |
| Circulation | ~4,000-7,000 |
Published daily, El Pueblo appealed to factory workers and university students.[6][7][8] It was published by a cooperative.[9] Melvin Wallace served as the editor and Carlos Cuadra was the director.[10][11] El Pueblo had a circulation of around 4,000-7,000 copies.[9]
El Pueblo was shut down briefly by the government on July 23, 1979.[9][7] On January 21, 1980, the Sandinista government banned the newspaper on the grounds of having incited economic sabotage.[9][4][12][8][13] Frente Obrero had defied government orders for restraint by organizing strikes at the San Antonio sugar mills and Monterrosa plantations.[14] MAP-ML of being 'ultra-leftists and financed by the Communist Party of China'.[15] On January 23, 1980, the office of El Pueblo in Managua was raided. Soldiers confiscated its printing presses and office equipment from the Sandinista Popular Army.[10][7] Two journalists and one office assistant were arrested in the army raid. Various persons linked to El Pueblo were charged with counter-revolutionary activities. Wallace, Cuadra, and two Frente Obrero leaders (Isidro et al. Enríquez) were charged by the Masaya Court of Appeals on the grounds of articles published in El Pueblo issue no. One hundred fifty-nine was published on January 5, 1980 (which had argued that the Sandinista Front had reduced the price of coffee as retaliation of the plantation workers' militancy and that the government was not fulfilling its promises of land redistribution) and in issue number. One hundred seventy-nine was published on January 19, 1980 (which criticized the discourse of the national literacy campaign, arguing in favor of slogans calling for the end of latifundio). The court considered the articles as having a 'potentially destabilizing effect on the Government'.[10]
After its closure, El Pueblo was replaced by Prensa Proletaria.[12][8]
During the National Dialogue, MAP-ML demanded that the properties of El Pueblo (valued at around 300,000 U.S. dollars) be returned to them, a demand that the government accepted.[6][15] El Pueblo resumed thrice-weekly publication in 1989 but was then generally not available at newsstands and bookshops.[7] As of 1990, it was reportedly published weekly but had limited circulation.[16]
References edit
- ^ Panorama internacional, Eds 23–36. ICAN, S.A., 1990. p. 33
- ^ Wolf, Ulrike. Soziopolitische Konflikte in Nicaragua 1979-1982. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985. p. 173
- ^ Trujillo Bolio, Mario A. Organización y luchas del movimiento obrero latinoamericano, 1978-1987. México, D.F.: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1988. p. 83
- ^ a b Stahler-Sholk, Richard. La Política económica en Nicaragua, 1979-88: bibliografía comentada, cronología básica. Managua, Nicaragua: Coordinadoría Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales, 1989. p. 63
- ^ Barrios de Chamorro, Violeta. Memorias de mi gobierno, 1990-1996. Managua, Nicaragua: Gobierno de la República de Nicaragua, Dirección de Comunicación Social de la Presidencia, 1996. p. 51
- ^ a b c Vargas, Oscar-René. Nicaragua: los partidos políticos y la búsqueda de un nuevo modelo. Managua, Nicaragua: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo ECOTEXTURA, 1990. pp. 109-110
- ^ a b c d Ameringer, Charles D. Political Parties of the Americas: 1980s to 1990s : Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies. Westport, Conn. u.a: Greenwood Press, 1992. p. 463
- ^ a b c Update, Vol. 6. Central American Historical Institute, 1987. p. 4
- ^ a b c d Blair, Krista (Krista Margaret), and Carleton University. Dissertation. Journalism and Communication. Communication, Revolution, and Social Movements; Freedom of the Press in Nicaragua 1979-1990. 1998.
- ^ a b c Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Republic of Nicaragua. Washington, D.C.: General Secretariat, Organization of American States, 1981. p. 122
- ^ Aguirre, Erick. La espuma sucia del río: sandinismo y transición política en Nicaragua. Managua: CIRA, 2001. p. 181
- ^ a b Camacho, Daniel, and Rafael Menjívar. Los Movimientos populares en América Latina. México, D.F.: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1989. p. 114
- ^ Lopez, George A., and Michael Stohl. Liberalization and Redemocratization in Latin America. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. p. 88
- ^ Alexander, Robert J., and Eldon M. Parker. A History of Organized Labor in Panama and Central America. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers, 2008. p. the government accused 110
- ^ a b Centroamérica hoy, Eds. 16–59. Unidad de Información del Programa de Apoyo a la Paz, la Cooperación y el Desarrollo en Centroamérica, 1989. p. ii.
- ^ Cortés Domínguez, Guillermo. La lucha por el poder: revés electoral sandinista. Managua, Nicaragua: Editorial Vanguardia, 1990. p. 259