Drosophila heteroneura is an endangered species of Hawaiian fly in the family Drosophilidae. This rare fly is part of the Hawaiian Drosophila lineage, and is only found in mesic and wet forests on the island of Hawaii.[2]
| Drosophila heteroneura | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Drosophilidae |
| Genus: | Drosophila |
| Species: | D. heteroneura
|
| Binomial name | |
| Drosophila heteroneura (Perkins, 1910)
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Idiomyia heteroneura Perkins, 1910 | |
Description edit
Male D. heteroneura flies have large, wide heads that give them a hammerhead appearance.[2] These flies are predominantly yellow with black stripes, and characteristic brown spots at the base and tips of the wings. Their abdomens are shiny and black with yellow spots on the sides of each segment.
This species was described by R. C. L. Perkins in 1910 as Idiomyia heteroneura,[3] and its name was changed when Idiomyia was merged into the genus Drosophila by Hampton L. Carson and others in 1967.[4]
D. heteroneura breeds primarily in the rotting bark and stems of species in the genus Clermontia, but has been recorded breeding in Cheirodendron as well.[1]
Hybridization edit
Drosophila heteroneura is a member of the planitiba subgroup of the picture-wing clade of Hawaiian Drosophila.[5] This species is closely related to D. silvestris, with which they are known to produce fertile hybrid offspring in the wild.[6] D. heteroneura can also produce hybrid offspring with D. planitibia from Maui, another closely related species, but only female hybrid offspring are fertile.[7]
Behavioral studies of D. heteroneura and D. silvestris in the laboratory show that a significant obstacle to hybridization is that D. heteroneura females show preference against D. silvestris males during courtship.[8] However, these studies also show that, while the wide head of D. heteroneura appears to be a sexually selected trait, it is likely not the primary mechanism for female species recognition.
Conservation edit
The number of observations of Drosophila heteroneura has declined significantly in recent decades.[1] Where surveys between 1975 and 1979 found the fly more than seven hundred times, surveys ten years later failed to find any wild populations. Since then, a handful of small populations have been found at several sites on the island.
References edit
- ^ a b c "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Status for 12 Species of Picture-Wing Flies From the Hawaiian Islands". Federal Register. Fish and Wildlife Service. May 9, 2006. pp. 26835–26852. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
- ^ a b "ECOS: Species Profile". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-23.
- ^ Perkins RC (1910). Sharp D (ed.). Fauna Hawaiiensis: being the land-fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Vol. 2. England: Cambridge: The University Press. pp. 697–700.
- ^ Carson HL, Clayton FE, Stalker HD (May 1967). "Karyotypic stability and speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 57 (5): 1280–1285. Bibcode:1967PNAS...57.1280C. doi:10.1073/pnas.57.5.1280. JSTOR 57892. PMC 224469. PMID 5231734.
- ^ Magnacca KN, Price DK (November 2015). "Rapid adaptive radiation and host plant conservation in the Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 92: 226–242. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.014. PMID 26151218.
- ^ Carson HL, Kaneshiro KY, Val FC (January 1989). "Natural Hybridization between the Sympatric Hawaiian Species Drosophila silvestris and Drosophila heteroneura". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 43 (1): 190–203. doi:10.2307/2409174. JSTOR 2409174. PMID 28568504.
- ^ Ahearn JN, Carson HL, Dobzhansky T, Kaneshiro KY (March 1974). "Ethological isolation among three species of the planitibia subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (3): 901–903. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71..901A. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.3.901. PMC 388124. PMID 4522800.
- ^ Boake CR, DeAngelis MP, Andreadis DK (November 1997). "Is sexual selection and species recognition a continuum? Mating behavior of the stalk-eyed fly Drosophila heteroneura". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (23): 12442–12445. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9412442B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12442. PMC 24989. PMID 9356468.