Dov Behr Manischewitz (1856 or 1857[1] or 1858[2] in Salant – March 8, 1914, in Cincinnati, Ohio),[2] also known as Dov Ber,[3] Dov Baer,[4][5] Dov Bear,[6][7] Dave Behr,[2] and David Behr,[8] and born Dov Behr Abramson,[9][10] was a Lithuanian-American rabbi and businessman, known for his innovations in the manufacture of matzah, and for his creation of the company bearing his name.
Early life edit
Manischewitz was born and raised in Salant,[11] and studied under Rabbi Israel Salanter in Memel,[12] where he trained as a shochet.[2] In 1885, he emigrated to the United States,[2][13] using the identification documents of a dead man named "Manischewitz".[13][9][10][14] Although he stated that he emigrated because he had been hired as a shochet by the Jewish community of Cincinnati,[2] other reasons have been suggested, including that it was in response to the then-imminent expulsion of Jews from Memel,[3] or that it was in order to avoid compulsory military service.[10][9]
Professional life edit
In Cincinnati, Manischewitz initially worked as a shochet and peddler;[9] since matzah was not available, he made his own in his basement – originally for his circle of acquaintances, but later for Jews throughout the city.[9] Eventually his merchandise was successful enough that he undertook mass production, and shifted to new, mechanized methods,[13] including gas stoves[15] and the conveyor belt-based "traveling carrier bake-oven", which he patented.[16] These methods were initially controversial, and questions were raised as to whether machine-made food complied with kashrut;[3][12] however, Manischewitz argued his case with American rabbinical authorities, who decided in his favor (historian Zalman Alpert has noted that both Manischewitz and the American rabbinical authorities were of the Lithuanian Jewish tradition).[17]
His matzah business was successful enough that in 1913, he was able to move to the upscale Cincinnati neighborhood of Walnut Hills.[18] As well, he sponsored the creation of the Manischewitz yeshiva in what was then Palestine; decades later, his sons argued in court that their continued funding of the yeshiva was a business expense, as its graduates would help to spread the idea that machine-made matzah could still be kosher.[5]
Manischewitz died in 1914, and is buried in Beth Hamedrash Hagodol cemetery, Covedale.[19]
References edit
- ^ Manischewitz Alpern, Laura (2008). Manischewitz: The Matzo Family : the Making of an American Jewish Icon. KTAV Publishing House. p. 137. ISBN 9781602800038.
...He died in March 1914, at age fifty-seven
- ^ a b c d e f "The Late Rabbi Dave Behr Manischewitz". Prominent Jews of America; a collection of biographical sketches of Jews who have distinguished themselves in commercial, professional and religious endeavor. American Hebrew Publishing Company. 1918. p. 191.
- ^ a b c Sarna, Jonathan D. (2005). "How Matzah Became Square: Manischewitz and the Development of Machine-Made Matzah in the United States" (PDF). Sixth Annual Lecture of the Victor J. Selmanowitz Chair of Jewish History, Touro College; archived at Brandeis University. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ Marcus, Jacob Rader (1993). "Baer Manischewitz, of Cincinnati, known for his matzos". United States Jewry, 1776–1985: Volume 4, The East European Period, The Emergence of the American Jew Epilogue. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 9780814345054.
- ^ a b "B. MANISCHEWITZ CO. v. COMMISSIONER – Docket No. 13236 – 10 T.C. 1139". Leagle.com. 1948.
- ^ George, Lianne (December 8, 2008). "Why Food Scares Just Aren't Kosher". Maclean's. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ "MANISCHEWITZ, E. JUDY". The New York Times. December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ Jacob Rader Marcus and Judith M. Daniels, ed. (1994). "The Concise Dictionary of American Jewish Biography: M" (PDF). Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Publishing.
- ^ a b c d e Marks, Gil (April 18, 2011). "How Manischewitz Matzo Helped Make America". The Forward. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Man, oh man: How Manischewitz created a matzah empire". J. The Jewish News of Northern California. March 26, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ Manischewitz Alpern, Laura (2008). Manischewitz: The Matzo Family : the Making of an American Jewish Icon. KTAV Publishing House. p. 16. ISBN 9781602800038.
- ^ a b Green, David B. (September 20, 2013). "A Father of Industrial Gefilte Fish Dies". Haaretz. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ a b c Campbell, Polly (December 6, 2018). "Our Food Roots: How Cincinnati Jews changed how America ate". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ Lukas, Paul (April 1, 2004). "Days of Wine and Matzos: How a Cincinnati family became the name in kosher foods". CNN. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ "The B. Manischewitz Company, LLC". International Directory of Company Histories. Thomson Gale. 2006.
- ^ "The Americanization of Matzah". The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ Alpert, Zalman (2008). "Manischewitz Family". In Jack R. Fischel (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jewish American Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313087349.
- ^ Dobush, Grace (April 14, 2014). "Not By Bread Alone". Cincinnati. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- ^ Brownlee, Amy Knueven (November 12, 2014). "CORNER STONES". Cincinnati. Retrieved May 11, 2019.