Wikipedia

Delia Alvarez

Delia Alvarez (born 1941) is a former American county government official and anti-war activist. A member of a Mexican American family from Salinas, California, she is a younger sister of Everett Alvarez Jr., who was the first United States pilot to be shot down during the Vietnam War and the American who was held in captivity as a prisoner of war (POW) for the second longest period of time during that war. She first rose to prominence in 1964 while protesting his detention and torture at Hỏa Lò Prison (dubbed the "Hanoi Hilton" by American POWs).[1][2][3]

Delia Alvarez
Delia Alvarez, 1971
Born1941
California, United States
Occupation(s)Former director of public health, Santa Clara County, California (1989–1993)
Anti-war activist during the Vietnam War era (1964–1973)
Years active1960s–1990s
Known forProtesting the Vietnamese government's detention of her older brother, U.S. Navy aviator Everett Alvarez Jr., as a prisoner of war
Parent(s)Everett S. Alvarez, Sr. (1917-2007) and Soledad R. Alvarez (1919-2003)

In 1979, she became "the highest-ranking Chicano in county government in Santa Clara County, California" when she was appointed as the county's acting director of personnel.[4]

Formative years and family edit

Born to a Mexican American family in 1941, Delia Alvarez is a daughter of Everett S. Alvarez Sr. (1917-2007) and Soledad R. Alvarez (1919-2003), and the younger sister of United States Navy fighter pilot Everett Alvarez Jr. Her father, Everett Sr., who was known to family and friends as "Lalo," was a welder employed by a munitions plant in the Salinas, California region where Delia and her siblings were raised. Their mother, who was known to family and friends as "Chole" or "Sally," had been a laborer employed on the farms and in the canneries of the same region since she was eleven years old. After earning her Associate of Arts (A.A.) degree during the 1970s, Sally Alvarez became a teacher's aide in the Santa Clara School District.[5][6][7]

Delia Alvarez subsequently graduated from Salinas High School and San Jose State College (now San Jose State University).[8]

Anti-war activism edit

On August 5, 1964, Delia Alvarez's older brother, Everett Alvarez Jr., became the first United States pilot to be shot down during the Vietnam War. His U.S. Navy jet was damaged by anti-aircraft fire during Operation Pierce Arrow, which was conducted three days after the Gulf of Tonkin incident. Captured by the Vietnamese Navy, he was transported to the Hỏa Lò Prison (which was later nicknamed as the "Hanoi Hilton" by subsequent American prisoners of war). Interrogated and tortured by his captors, he was also filmed for propaganda purposes.[9]

Back home in the United States, Delia Alvarez and her family were initially relieved to learn that their son and brother was alive. His capture was confirmed for the family by a video of him that aired on an NBC News program on November 11, 1964, which showed him "still dressed in his full flight suit being marched down a street at bayonet point by a North Vietnamese sailor" and "with his fight helmet off, undergoing interrogation by a North Vietnamese officer."[10][11][12]

Their relief turned to fear, frustration and anger, however, as his imprisonment dragged on, turning Everett Jr. into the second-longest American to be held captive as a POW during the war. During a 1989 Washington Post interview, Delia Alvarez described how she and her mother evolved into anti-war activists:[13]

"'The first few years, we were the good military family…. You have to go back in time, about 25 years or so, and in those days, you didn't question what the government was saying. But with the changes going on in the country, it became harder to accept—there were questions that were not being answered, and there were a lot of answers that just didn't make sense.'"

In 1969, Delia Alvarez launched a nationwide petition drive with her mother and began attending local, state, national and international protest events.[14][15][16][17][18] Her brother was finally released by the Vietnamese government on February 12, 1973, after more than eight years in captivity.[19][20][21]

Public service career edit

During the late 1960s, Delia Alvarez was employed by the government of Santa Clara County as a social worker. She also traveled to "England, the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and France" before visiting Sweden and southern Europe during the winter and early spring of 1967.[22]

In 1975, Alvarez was employed as an administrative analyst with the Santa Clara County Executive Office. On January 21 of that year, she participated as a panelist at the Chicana Consciousness and Liberation conference at Stanford University.[23] In 1976, while still employed as an administrative analyst for the executive office, she was assigned to the county's effort to plan and implement a county Health Services Agency that would be funded and operated by the county with financial help from the federal government.[24][25]

In October 1979, Alvarez became "the highest-ranking Chicano in county government in Santa Clara County, California" when she was appointed as the county's acting director of personnel.[26]

By September 1989, Alvarez had been promoted to the position of director of public health for the County of Santa Clara,[27][28][29] which faced financial difficulties due to state and nationwide economic problems that caused a tax revenue shortfall for counties. By 1993, county leaders were directing department heads to find areas where budget reductions could be made. In response, Alvarez proposed nearly one million dollars in cuts to a series of county programs that had been designed to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. She recommended the elimination of funding for early intervention clinic staff, HIV outreach education programs, family planning services, housing assistance programs for people with HIV/AIDS, and medical treatment and counseling for more than one thousand newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients, reductions that would have taken "the County's commitment to AIDS back to the level of 1985, when the County first funded AIDS services," according to Ken Yeager, a trustee of the San Jose Evergreen Community College District in 1992 and later a Santa Clara County supervisor from 2006 to 2018.[30][31]

During this same period, Alvarez and her family were still being asked by news media to talk about their experiences during Everett Alvarez Jr.'s time as a POW.[32]

In March 1993, Alvarez retired from her job as the county's director of public health. She was fifty-one years old.[33][34]

Later life edit

Alvarez's mother, Soledad, died in Santa Clara, California on March 17, 2003.[35] In 2015, Alvarez and her family were profiled in the PBS documentary, On Two Fronts: Latinos & Vietnam.[36]

References edit

  1. ^ Alvarez, Everett and Anthony Pitch. Chained Eagle: The Heroic Story of the First American Shot Down Over Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2005.
  2. ^ Pressley, Sue Anne. "Catching Up with Life: The Return of Everett Alvarez." Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post, November 12, 1989.
  3. ^ Hager, Philip. "1st U.S. Pilot Captured in Vietnam: Wife Relives Five Lost Years in Scrapbook." Los Angeles, California: The Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1969, Part I, pp. 3 and 27 (subscription required).
  4. ^ "Salinas native promoted." Salinas, California: Salinas Californian, November 1, 1979, p. 32 (subscription required).
  5. ^ Pressley, "Catching Up with Life: The Return of Everett Alvarez," The Washington Post, November 12, 1989.
  6. ^ Hager, "1st U.S. Pilot Captured in Vietnam: Wife Relives Five Lost Years in Scrapbook," The Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1969, Part I, pp. 3 and 27.
  7. ^ "Obituary: Soledad 'Sally' Alvarez." Salinas, California: Salinas Californian, March 21, 2003, p. 3C (subscription required).
  8. ^ "She'll Winter Abroad." Salinas, California: Salinas Californian, December 15, 1967, p. 11 (subscription required).
  9. ^ Alvarez and Pitch, Chained Eagle: The Heroic Story of the First American Shot Down Over Vietnam, 2005.
  10. ^ "Kin Identify U.S. Pilot in No. Viet Nam Film" [sic]. Boston, Massachusetts: The Boston Globe, November 12, 1964, p. 15 (subscription required).
  11. ^ "Cong-Held Yank Identified Via Film." Spokane, Washington: The Spokesman Review, November 12, 1964, p. 35 (subscription required).
  12. ^ "Family of Red-Held Navy Lt. Sees Him on TV." Lancaster, Pennsylvania: New Era, November 12, 1964, p. 14 (subscription required).
  13. ^ Pressley, "Catching Up with Life: The Return of Everett Alvarez," The Washington Post, November 12, 1989.
  14. ^ Pressley, "Catching Up with Life: The Return of Everett Alvarez," The Washington Post, November 12, 1989.
  15. ^ "Campaign Here to Free Red Prisoner." San Francisco, California: The San Francisco Examiner, October 31, 1969, p. 34 (subscription required).
  16. ^ "POW's Family Takes Plea to Nixon." Oakland, California: Oakland Tribune, December 19, 1969, p. 8 (subscription required).
  17. ^ Hager, "1st U.S. Pilot Captured in Vietnam: Wife Relives Five Lost Years in Scrapbook," The Los Angeles Times, December 18, 1969, Part I, pp. 3 and 27.
  18. ^ "The life of a POW's kin: Hopelessness and despair." Albuquerque, New Mexico: The Albuquerque Tribune, June 9, 1971, p. D2 (subscription required).
  19. ^ "2nd Longest-Held POW Alvarez 2nd Off Plane." San Francisco, California: The San Francisco Examiner, February 12, 1973, p. 18 (subscription required).
  20. ^ Rodriguez, Rick. "100,000 Honor Alvarez." Salinas, California: Salinas Californian, March 26, 1973, front page (subscription required).
  21. ^ "Flight to Freedom! First American POWs are released." Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Tribune, February 12, 1983, front page (subscription required).
  22. ^ "She’ll Winter Abroad," Salinas Californian, December 15, 1967, p. 11.
  23. ^ "Chicana program at Stanford." Palo Alto, California: Palo Alto Times, January 25, 1975, p. 20 (subscription required).
  24. ^ Leonard, Bill. "SC County to get federal health plan." Palo Alto, California: Palo Alto Times, September 4, 1976, p. 7 (subscription required).
  25. ^ "Friday deadline for board applications." Palo Alto, California: Palo Alto Times, April 29, 1976, p. 23 (subscription required).
  26. ^ "Salinas native promoted," Salinas Californian, November 1, 1949, p. 32.
  27. ^ Robinson-Haynes, Ellen. "Ambulance consultant took flak in previous post." Sacramento, California: The Sacramento Bee, September 17, 1989, p. 16 (subscription required).
  28. ^ Guilbault, Rose Del Castillo. "Brother and Sister, at War." San Francisco, California: The San Francisco Examiner, February 24, 1991, p. 153 (subscription required).
  29. ^ Dickey, Jim. "Former POW finds that ex-captive label sticks." Kennebec, Maine: Kennebec Journal, December 19, 1991, p. 27 (subscription required).
  30. ^ Yeager, Ken. "Battle Against HIV/AIDS: A Look Back at the First Decades of the Santa Clara County Experience," p. 25. San Jose, California: County of Santa Clara, December 2018 (retrieved online July 30, 2023).
  31. ^ "Ken Yeager" (bio). San Jose California: Board of Supervisors Archive, County of Santa Clara, California, retrieved online July 30, 2023.
  32. ^ Baer, Susan. "Sight of POWs recalls Vietnam." Baltimore, Maryland: The Baltimore Sun, p. A1 and A7 (subscription required).
  33. ^ "Embattled Santa Clara County health official will retire." Sacramento, California: The Sacramento Bee, February 20, 1993, p. 26 (subscription required).
  34. ^ "County public health chief to retire amid allegations." Salinas, California: Salinas Californian, February 20, 1993, p. 11 (subscription required).
  35. ^ "Obituary: Soledad 'Sally' Alvarez," Salinas Californian, March 21, 2003, p. 3C.
  36. ^ Flores, Nancy. "Film studies Latinos' role in Vietnam." Austin, Texas: Austin American-Statesman, November 9, 2015, p. D1 (subscription required).

External links edit

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