The Currituck-class seaplane tenders were four ships built for the United States Navy during World War II. The role of a seaplane tender was to provide base facilities for squadrons of seaplanes in a similar way that an aircraft carrier does for its squadrons. While three members of the class were removed from active service in the 1960s, Norton Sound was modified to serve as a testbed for advanced radar and combat management systems, such as the Aegis Combat System.
_at_San_Diego_Bay_c1957.jpeg) USS Salisbury Sound at San Diego Bay, ca. 1957
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Currituck class |
| Builders | |
| Operators |  United States Navy |
| Built | 1942–1944 |
| In commission | 1943–1987 |
| Planned | 4 |
| Completed | 4 |
| Retired | 4 |
| General characteristics as built | |
| Type | Seaplane tender |
| Displacement | 15,092 long tons (15,334 t) (full load) |
| Length | 540 ft 5 in (164.72 m) oa |
| Beam | 69 ft 3 in (21.11 m) |
| Draft | 22 ft 3 in (6.78 m) |
| Propulsion | |
| Speed | 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) |
| Complement | 1,247 |
| Armament |
|
| Aviation facilities | Hangar and catapult |
Design and description edit
_off_Philadelphia_Navy_Yard_1944.jpg)
In the interwar period, the United States Navy sought to find a cheaper alternative to the construction of airstrips on land for its air fleet. The distances required for air support, primarily in the Pacific Theater, were long and interwar naval treaties limited the size of aircraft carriers. The seaplane carrier was developed during interwar planning, with two versions being designed for use. The first design, designated AV, operated two full squadrons of patrol aircraft, provided quarters for the aircrew and repair functions. The second, designated AVP, was smaller, only capable of operating one squadron and was intended for use in shallow harbors due to their shallower draft. The Currituck class were of the first design and were also well armed as the ships were expected to provide shore defence too. The primary role of the Currituck class was reconnaissance as their mobility gave them an advantage of land-based aircraft. They also had a secondary role of bombing and torpedo attacks.[1]
As the designs developed, alternative uses for the Currituck class was envisaged, with the United States Marine Corps planning to use them for advanced base operations, flying Marine Corps dive bomber aircraft and another one saw the ships used to transport aircraft to the front lines. Both of these were rejected, with escort carriers considered a more adequate ship type for the second role. During World War II, the Currituck class were used as conventional seaplane tenders.[2]
The Currituck-class ships measured 540 feet 5 inches (164.72 m) long overall and 520 ft (160 m) at the waterline with a beam of 69 ft 3 in (21.11 m) and a maximum draft of 22 ft 3 in (6.78 m). The Curritucks had a trial displacement of 14,000 long tons (14,000 t) and a full load displacement of 15,092 long tons (15,334 t).[3][a] The lead ship, Currituck, was powered by Parsons geared turbines, while the three others of the class were given Allis-Chalmers geared turbines. These were powered by steam created by four Babcock & Wilcox Express boilers turning two shafts creating 12,000 shaft horsepower (8,900 kW).[5][4] This gave the seaplane tenders a maximum speed of 19.2 knots (35.6 km/h; 22.1 mph).[3][5][b]
The vessels had a wartime complement of 1,247 including 162 officers. During peacetime, the ship's had a complement of 553 including 30 officers.[6] The vessels had a hangar for seaplanes and could operate up to two full squadrons. They also had a flush-decked catapult, that along with a larger hangar, resulted from those alternative uses put forth for the design.[3] During World War II, the vessels were armed with four single-mounted 5-inch (127 mm)/38-caliber dual-purpose guns, three quad-mounted and four twin-mounted 1.6 in (40 mm) guns. The 1.6-inch guns were removed postwar.[6][c]
Ships in class edit
_late_1940s.jpg)
| Currituck class construction data | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull number | Name | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| AV-7 | Currituck | Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | — | 11 September 1943[7] | 26 June 1944[7] | Stricken 1 April 1971[3] |
| AV-11 | Norton Sound | Todd Shipyard, San Pedro, California | 7 September 1942[8] | 28 November 1943[8] | 8 January 1945[8] | Converted to guided missile trial ship (AVM-11) 1948[8] |
| AV-12 | Pine Island | 16 November 1942[9] | 26 February 1944[9] | 26 April 1945[9] | Stricken 1 February 1971[3] | |
| AV-13 | Salisbury Sound (ex-Puget Sound) | 10 April 1943[10] | 5 June 1944[10] | 26 November 1945[10] | Sold 7 February 1972[10] | |
Construction and career edit
_underway_at_sea,_circa_in_1980.jpg)
The lead ship, Currituck, was constructed at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and entered service in 1944.[7] The ship was modernized under the 1957 conversions program at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and re-entered service on 20 August 1960.[6] The ship was taken out of service and assigned to the Maritime Administration Reserve Fleet in 1968 after the Martin P5M Marlin aircraft were retired from naval service.[11][6] Norton Sound, Pine Island and Salisbury Sound were all built by Todd Shipyard on the west coast and entered service by mid-1945. In 1948 Norton Sound was selected to be converted to a guided missile trials ship. The ship had its two forward 5-inch guns removed and a helicopter platform installed and also had its stern crane removed. Norton Sound was assigned to the Operation Test and Evaluation Force. The vessel carried out tests with American versions of the German V-1 flying bomb and the US Navy's Aerobee rocket,[5] the RIM-24 Tartar missile system[6] and the RIM-50 Typhon missile system.[11] In 1958 Norton Sound would be the launch platform for the Operation Argus nuclear tests in the south Atlantic.[12] Pine Island and Salisbury Sound were placed in reserve in 1967.[11] Currituck, Pine Island and Salisbury Sound were all stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in the 1970s.[3]
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II has the standard displacement as 9,090 long tons (9,240 t)[4] and Blackman has it as 9,106 long tons (9,252 t).[5]
- ^ Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II has the vessel's speed at just 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph).[4]
- ^ The 38 caliber denotes the length of the gun. This means that the length of the gun barrel is 38 times the bore diameter.
Citations edit
- ^ Friedman 1980, p. 156.
- ^ Friedman 1980, pp. 156–157.
- ^ a b c d e f Friedman 1980, p. 157.
- ^ a b c Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II 1995, p. 296.
- ^ a b c d Blackman 1953, p. 428.
- ^ a b c d e Blackman 1969, p. 500.
- ^ a b c Currituck II.
- ^ a b c d Norton Sound.
- ^ a b c Pine Island.
- ^ a b c d Salisbury Sound.
- ^ a b c Blackman 1967, p. 411.
- ^ Lawson, Cliff (2017). The Station Comes of Age: Satellites, Submarines, and Special Operations in the Final Years of the Naval Ordnance Test Station, 1959–1967. Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division. p. 43.
References edit
- Blackman, Raymond V. B., ed. (1953). Jane's Fighting Ships 1953–54. London: Sampson, Low and Marston. OCLC 913556389.
- Blackman, Raymond V. B., ed. (1967). Jane's Fighting Ships 1967–68. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. OCLC 973423148.
- Blackman, Raymond V. B., ed. (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1969–70. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. OCLC 30910135.
- "Currituck II (AV-7)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- Friedman, Norman (1980). "United States of America". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 86–166. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. Avenel, New Jersey: Crescent Books. 1995 [1946]. ISBN 0-517-679639.
- "Norton Sound". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- "Pine Island". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- "Salisbury Sound". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 January 2023.